The Mangosteen Peel Ethyl Acetate Extract-based Cream Inhibits Ultraviolet-B Radiation-induced Hyperpigmentation in Guinea Pig Skin

Pasid Harlisa; Harijono Kariosentono; Bambang Purwanto; Paramasari Dirgahayu; Soetrisno Soetrisno; Brian Wasita; Iffan Alif; Agung Putra

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.10838

Authors

Pasid Harlisa Doctoral Student of Medical Sciences
Harijono Kariosentono Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Dermato-venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Bambang Purwanto Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Internal medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Paramasari Dirgahayu Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Soetrisno Soetrisno Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Brian Wasita Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universita Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Iffan Alif Stem Cell and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-9185
Agung Putra Stem Cell and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Postgraduate Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-9437

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10838

Keywords:

Ultraviolet B, Hyperpigmentation, Mangosteen peel, Tyrosinase, Pmel17

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the main factor causing the aberrant melanin pigments leading to skin hyperpigmentation. Retinoic acid and hydroquinone are the primary preference for the skin whitening agents in preventing hyperpigmentation. However, these treatments could induce slight-to-severe irritation leading to skin cancer. Mangosteen peel possesses α-mangostin, the primary constituent of xanthones in mangosteen peel that has potency as an anti-tyrosinase for treating issues of skin hyperpigmentation.

AIM: This study aims to demonstrate the capacity of mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract-based cream in inhibiting the UVB radiation-induced skin hyperpigmentation in guinea pig.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 female guinea pigs were used to produce UVB-irradiated skin hyperpigmentation model. Guinea pig skins were treated with 12% mangosteen ethyl acetate extract-based cream. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor activity was used to evaluate the capacity of mangosteen extract in inhibiting tyrosinase activity in vitro. The melanin index in guinea pig skin after treatments was analyzed using a mexameter. The percentage of epidermal melanin-contained keratinocytes of skin tissues were analyzed using masson fontana. Pmel17 expression in cell surface was determined using immunohistochemistry. The level of tyrosinase in tissue homogenates was analyzed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

RESULTS: Mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract showed potent inhibitory activity against the mushroom tyrosinase. Its-based cream decreased melanin index, epidermal melanin, Pmel17 expression, and tyrosinase level in hyperpigmentation skin tissues.

CONCLUSION: Overall, our study demonstrates the capacity of mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract-based cream in inhibiting the UVB radiation-induced skin hyperpigmentation in guinea pig.

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