Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Nephropathy using Polyphenol-rich Extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) Leaves in Rat Model

Christian E. Imafidon; Rufus O. Akomolafe; Sanusi A. Abubakar; Oluwadare J. Ogundipe; Olaoluwa S. Olukiran; Oladele A. Ayowole

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2015.120

Authors

Christian E. Imafidon Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun
Rufus O. Akomolafe Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun
Sanusi A. Abubakar Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Medicine, Ile-Ife, Osun
Oluwadare J. Ogundipe Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun
Olaoluwa S. Olukiran Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun
Oladele A. Ayowole Afe Babalola University - Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.120

Keywords:

Cadmium, Polyphenol - Rich Extract of leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA), Nephrotoxicity, Creatinine clearance, Ameliorative, Rats

Abstract

AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) in rats with Cd-induced nephropathy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows; Group 1 received distilled water throughout the period of study. Group 2 received 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium (Cd), in the form of CdSO₄, for five consecutive days via intraperitoneal route. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with Cd as group 2 and thereafter received oral treatment of PEVA for 4 weeks at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively.

RESULTS: Exposure to Cd toxicity significantly induced deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea and glucose as well as creatinine and urea clearance (p < 0.05) in the rat model. There was a significant disturbance in the antioxidant system as revealed by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) in the kidney tissue of the rats. With marked improvements in renal histoarchitecture, PEVA treatment showed a duration and non dose-dependent ameliorative potential.

CONCLUSION: PEVA treatment reversed the compromise of renal function that was induced by Cd toxicity in rat model.

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