Proton Pump Inhibitors Intake and Iron and Vitamin B12 Status: A Prospective Comparative Study with a Follow up of 12 Months

Hasime Qorraj-Bytyqi; Rexhep Hoxha; Shemsedin Sadiku; Ismet H. Bajraktari; Mentor Sopjani; Kujtim ThaÃ§i; Shpetim ThaÃ§i; Elton Bahtiri

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.142

Authors

Hasime Qorraj-Bytyqi Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Kosovo
Rexhep Hoxha Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Kosovo
Shemsedin Sadiku Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
Ismet H. Bajraktari Clinic of Rheumatology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
Mentor Sopjani Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Kosovo
Kujtim ThaÃ§i Institute of Biochemistry, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
Shpetim ThaÃ§i Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Kosovo
Elton Bahtiri Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Kosovo http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-3925

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.142

Keywords:

PPIs, Iron, Ferritin, Vitamin B12, Homocysteine

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) represent the most widely prescribed antisecretory agents, but their prolonged use, may influence iron and vitamin B12 status, which could have important implications for clinical practice.

AIM: We undertook this study aiming to investigate the association between PPIs use for 12 months and potential changes in iron and vitamin B12 status, as well as whether this potential association varies among four specific PPI drugs used in the study.

METHODS: A total of 250 adult subjects were recruited into this study, of which 200 subjects were PPIs users while 50 subjects belonged to the control group. Serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were measured before the start of the study and after 12 months. Mann - Whitney U test and Kruskal - Wallis test was used to compare the baseline characteristics of the study groups, while Wilcoxon test was used to analyse post - pre differences.

RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significant changes within PPIs group and specific PPIs subgroups between the two-time points in serum ferritin and vitamin B12 levels, respectively, while no significant changes in serum iron and homocysteine levels were shown. However, subsequent diagnosis of hypoferremia and hypovitaminosis B12 in the whole study sample at 12 months was established in only 3.8% and 2.9% of the subjects, respectively.

CONCLUSION: PPIs use for 12 months did not result in clinically significant iron and/or vitamin B12 deficiency; thus, these findings argue routine screening under normal circumstances, although monitoring in elderly and malnourished may be of precious value.

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