In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity of Ziziphus Jujuba Fruit Extract

Authors

  • Ahmed M. Mesaik Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk (UT), P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491
  • Hiap Wei Poh Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor
  • Ooi Yan Bin Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor
  • Izzaddinn Elawad Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk (UT), P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491
  • Badr Alsayed Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk (UT), P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.168

Keywords:

Ziziphus jujuba, Antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, Carrageenan-induced paw oedema, Betulinic acid, Quercetin

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ziziphus jujuba belongs to family Rhamnaceae widely distributed in subtropical and tropical countries. It is used traditionally for several pharmacological purposes including anti-inflammation, antidiarrhoeal and antibacterial, as well as tonic and sometimes as hypnotic (sedative).

AIM: To determine the in vivo antidiarrhoeal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of Z. jujuba fruit ethanolic extract.

METHOD: The fruit was macerated and extracted by 95% (v/v) ethanol. The antidiarrhoeal activity was evaluated using castor oil and Escherichia coli induced diarrhoea mouse model. The antidiarrhoeal and antibacterial activity was investigated at graded doses (400-1200 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory effects were tested using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in female Wistar rats. Rat’s treatment groups received tragacanth, 100 mg/kg diclofenac sodium, 800 mg/kg, 1200 mg/kg or 1600 mg/kg of an ethanolic extract of Z. jujuba (EEZJ). All treatment groups were fed with the compounds one hour before carrageenan injection at of rat’s paw. Also, the EEZJ was further analysed by HPLC-PDA system for identification of the presence of betulinic acid and quercetin.

RESULTS: EEZJ different doses did not show inhibitory activity against castor oil induced diarrhoea except for the higher (1200 mg/kg) dose. However, the frequency of defecation of stools and watery stool were reduced significantly when compared to control group (P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01 respectively), resulted in overall 67% inhibition of diarrhoea. Our anti-inflammatory results demonstrated that EEZJ was able to inhibit the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats to a significant degree (p ≤ 0.05) and the paw volume and thickness of both left and right paw were affected compared to the negative control group.

CONCLUSION: EEZJ possesses antidiarrhoeal and antibacterial activity in a dose depending manner and may provide a pharmacological basis for its clinical use in diarrheal diseases. The activity may partially be due to the presence of betulinic acid and quercetin.

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Published

2018-05-15

How to Cite

1.
Mesaik AM, Poh HW, Bin OY, Elawad I, Alsayed B. In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity of Ziziphus Jujuba Fruit Extract. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2018 May 15 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];6(5):757-66. Available from: https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/oamjms.2018.168

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A - Basic Science