Dietary Ethanolic Extract of Mangosteen pericarp Reduces VCAM-1, Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Aortic Intimal Medial Thickness in Hypercholesterolemic Rat Model

Titin Andri Wihastuti; Fitria Nugraha Aini; Cholid Tri Tjahjono; Teuku Heriansyah

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2019.717

Authors

Titin Andri Wihastuti Department of Basic Science in Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Fitria Nugraha Aini Departement of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Islam Malang, Malang, Indonesia
Cholid Tri Tjahjono Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Teuku Heriansyah Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.717

Keywords:

Atherosclerosis, Dyslipidemia, Mangosteen Pericarp Ethanolic Extract, VCAM-1, PVAT, IMT

Abstract

BACKGROUND: High-fat diet (HFD) is associated with dyslipidemia which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia causes oxidative stress which induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Oxidative stress also triggers the thickening of tunica intima-media (IMT) and Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT). Xanthone compound in ethanolic extract of Mangosteen pericarp (EEMP) has an antioxidant property to overcome the oxidative stress.

AIM: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary EEMP administration on the expression of VCAM-1 and thickness of PVAT and IMT in atherosclerotic rat model fed with HFD.

METHODS: This experimental laboratory study uses 25 Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus which were divided into 5 study groups. Negative Control group (GT1) was given a normal diet, Positive Control group (GT2) was treated with HFD, and three treatment groups were each treated with HFD with Mangosteen pericarp extract of 200 mg/kg BW (GT3), 400 mg/kg BW (GT4), and 800 mg/kg BW (GT5). Measurements of VCAM-1 expression were performed using immunofluorescence. PVAT and IMT measurements were performed on rat aortic preparations.

RESULTS: One-way ANOVA test showed the addition of dietary EEMP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the expression of VCAM-1 and decreased the thickness of PVAT and IMT in treatment groups as compared with both negative and positive controls. Tukey HSD test showed a dose of 800 mg/kg BW was the most effective dose for decreasing VCAM-1 level, PVAT and IMT.

CONCLUSION: Dietary EEMP significantly decreases the expression of VCAM-1, as well as the thickness of PVAT and IMT in Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus treated with HFD.