The Diagnostic Value of Flow Cytometry Imunophenotyping in an Albanian Patient Population with a Preliminary Clinical Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Valentina Semanaj; Arbi Pecani; Teuta Dedej; Alma Barbullushi; Zamira Ylli; Teuta Curaj; Polikron Pulluqi; Tatjana Caja; Adela Perolla; Arben Ivanaj; Pal Xhumari; Genc Sulcebe

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2014.009

Authors

Valentina Semanaj 1University Hospital Center of Tirana, Immunology, Tirana
Arbi Pecani University Hospital Center of Tirana, Immunology, Tirana
Teuta Dedej University Hospital Center of Tirana, Clinical Laboratory, Tirana
Alma Barbullushi University Hospital Center of Tirana, Clinical Laboratory, Tirana
Zamira Ylli University Hospital Center of Tirana, Immunology, Tirana
Teuta Curaj University Hospital Center of Tirana, Immunology, Tirana
Polikron Pulluqi University Hospital Center of Tirana, Hematology, Tirana
Tatjana Caja University Hospital Center of Tirana, Hematology, Tirana
Adela Perolla University Hospital Center of Tirana, Hematology, Tirana
Arben Ivanaj University Hospital Center of Tirana, Hematology, Tirana
Pal Xhumari University Hospital Center of Tirana, Hematology, Tirana
Genc Sulcebe University Hospital Center of Tirana, Immunology, Tirana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2014.009

Keywords:

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, monoclonal antibodies, lymphoma.

Abstract

Objective: Based on the flow cytometry multiparametric immunophenotyping methodology we studied some useful cell marker criteria needed for the practical differentiation of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia from other chronic limphoproliferative diseases with a leukemic component.

Materials and Methods: The applied methodology is a four color flow cytometry multiparametric immunophenotyping technique using EDTA blood samples taken from 84 consecutive patients diagnosed with CLL through a preliminary clinical and white blood cell examination. The following fluorescent stained monoclonal antibodies were used: CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD11c, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD25, FMC7 and kappa/lambda light chains.

Results: From the 84 individuals tested, 2 out of them (2.4%) resulted with a abnormal T-cell population while 82 (97.6%) showed a pathological B cell line. 58 (69.1%) patients resulted with typical CLL markers (CD19+CD5+CD23+) while 5 (5.9%) of them presented a non typical chronic lymphocytic leukemia profile (CD19+CD5+CD23-). 19 (22.6%) out of patients displayed an abnormal CD19+CD5- B cell population. A statistically significant correlation was found between the clinical stage of CLL and the positivity for the CD38 marker (p=0.04).

Conclusion: Flow cytometry immunophenotyping is a fundamental examination for the final diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The expression of CD38+ in CLL patients stands for a more advanced clinical stage.

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