HCV Seroconversion in two Egyptian Hemodialysis Units: Role of Detection Method and Patients Isolation

Mohamed Elâ€“Tayeb Nasser; Khaled Mohamed Younes; Dawlat Hussein Sany; Samar Samir Youssef; Mohamed Mahmoud; Bassim Samy El-Sayed

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2014.022

Authors

Mohamed Elâ€“Tayeb Nasser Internal Medicine & Nephrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Doki-Eltahrir St., Cairo 12311
Khaled Mohamed Younes Internal Medicine Department, Medical Division, National Research Center, Doki-Eltahrir St., Cairo 12311
Dawlat Hussein Sany Internal Medicine & Nephrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Doki-Eltahrir St., Cairo 12311
Samar Samir Youssef Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Doki-Eltahrir St., Cairo 12311
Mohamed Mahmoud Internal Medicine Department, Medical Division, National Research Center, Doki-Eltahrir St., Cairo 12311
Bassim Samy El-Sayed Internal Medicine Department, Medical Division, National Research Center, Doki-Eltahrir St., Cairo 12311

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2014.022

Keywords:

End stage renal disease, Hepatitis c virus, seroconversion, polymerase chain reaction, ELISA.

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis (HD).Â Routine HCV viremia screening is recommended in those patients but it is not applied.

Aim: To evaluate the seroconversion rate in HD patients based on viremia detection compared to antibody (Ab), and to assess the role of isolation on the rate of seroconversion in those patients.

Materials and Methods: One hundred ESRD patients from two HD units using same infection control criteria were enrolled in the study; only one unit was applying isolation for HCV patients. Patients were followed up for 12 month; HCV positivity was tested at the begining of the study and after 12 month of HD. HCV Ab and viremia were detected by third generation ELISA and PCR respectively.

Results: The seroconversion rate was 0% based on HCV Ab detection by ELISA, compared with the 16 % seroconversion rate based on viremia detection by PCR. Notably, viremia seroconversion was seen only in the HD unit lacking the isolation system.

Conclusion: HCV screening in HD units should be based on viremia detection; isolation in HD units prevents HCV spreading.

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