The Correlation between Risk Factors and Epstein-Barr Virus Serum Antibody with Histopathological Typing of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Awal Prasetyo; Udadi Sadhana; Dewi K. Paramita; Sofia Mubarika Haryana; Bambang Hariwiyanto; Soenarto Sastrowijoto; Totok Utoro

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.10428

Authors

Awal Prasetyo Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Udadi Sadhana Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Dewi K. Paramita Department of Histology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Sofia Mubarika Haryana Department of Histology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Bambang Hariwiyanto Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Soenarto Sastrowijoto Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Totok Utoro Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10428

Keywords:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Risk factors, Histopathological typing, IgA (EBNA1 VCA-p18

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The risk-combination of genetic or familial history, environmental risk factors, and EBV infection might cause nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. The serum antibody for EBV IgA, namely, EBNA1+VCA-p18 has a good sensitivity as an early diagnostic test for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

AIM: This study aims to determine the correlation between risk factors and histopathological typing of NPC and also the correlation between the IgA [EBNA-1 + VCA p-18] ELISA and histologic type.

METHODS: A cross-sectional method was used on 108 NPC patients which filled a questionnaire through an in-depth interview on the family condition to cancer, habit/lifestyle, and environmental risks. A total of 47 subjects were willing to donate blood samples for IgA [EBNA1 + VCA p-18] ELISA. Furthermore, Kendall’s tau-b (τ) correlation test was performed on NPC keratin type (WHO-1) and non-keratin (WHO-2 and 3).

RESULTS: The results showed that the family history of non-keratinized NPC was associated with NPC WHO-3 as demonstrated by τ = 0.473, as well as salt-eating with τ = 0.334, smoked/grilled fish/meat eating τ = 0.205, instant noodle-eating τ = 0.356, consuming canned/packaged canned foods τ = 0.240, and flavored food eating habits τ = 0.364, along with passive smoking τ = 0.377, and chronic nasopharyngeal infection τ = 0.530. The IgA titers, namely, [EBNA1 + VCA p-18] ELISA for non-keratin type NPC was greater than the keratin type; however, it was not related to WHO-3 NPC as indicated by τ = 0.376, and p = 0.011 put this underlying before however.

CONCLUSIONS: The positivity of IgA [EBNA-1 + VCA p-18] ELISA does not correlate with the non-keratin type histologic NPC, family history, as well as salt-eating, instant noodle, and flavored food eating habits, along with passive smoking and nasopharyngeal infection.

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