Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Community-Based Study in Dumai City, Riau Province, Indonesia

Al Habib Burki Sugiri; Yenny Yenny

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.10586

Authors

Al Habib Burki Sugiri Medical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, West Jakarta, Indonesia
Yenny Yenny Department of Pharmacology and Medical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, West Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9390-5527

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10586

Keywords:

Hesitancy, Vaccination, COVID-19, Community, Riau

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Indonesia’s lowest COVID-19 vaccine coverage of 6.5% is found in Teluk Makmur Village, Dumai City, Riau province. The success of the COVID-19 vaccination program is determined by vaccine hesitancy, which comprises numerous and presumably complex factors that vary over time and between countries or between regions of one given country.

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy prevalence and influencing factors in the community.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2021 at Teluk Makmur Village, Dumai City, Riau Province, Indonesia, involving 149 respondents aged 25–93 years and using a questionnaire on respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics and their opinions on possible COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy factors were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression (p ˂ 0.05).

RESULTS: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was present in 51.7% of respondents. Multivariable logistic regression findings: Comorbidities, fear of dying from COVID-19, feelings of shame/stigmatization if known to be infected with COVID-19 were not significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. Education and distrust of government COVID-19 related policy were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy.

CONCLUSION: Half of respondents were hesitant about COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy factors consisted of education and distrust of government policy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

World Health Organization. Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). Update on Coronavirus Disease in Indonesia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus [Last accessed on 2021 Jul 17].

Lin Y, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Alias H, Danaee M, Wong LP. Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: A nationwide online survey in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(12):e0008961. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008961 PMid:33332359 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008961

Our World in Data. Coronavirus (COVID-19). Vaccinations. Our World in Data. Available from: https://www.ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations?country=OWID_WRL [Last accessed on 2021 Aug 20].

Altmann DM, Douek DC, Boyton RJ. What policy makers need to know about COVID-19 protective immunity. Lancet. 2020;395(10236):1527-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30985-5 PMid:32353328 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30985-5

Anderson RM, Vegvari C, Truscott J, Collyer BS. Challenges in creating herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mass vaccination. Lancet. 2020;396(10263):1614-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32318-7 PMid:33159850 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32318-7

Frederiksen LS, Zhang Y, Foged C, Thakur A. The long road toward COVID-19 herd immunity: Vaccine platform technologies and mass immunization strategies. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1817. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01817 PMid:32793245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01817

MacDonald NE, SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4161-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036 PMid:25896383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036

World Health Organization (WHO). Ten Threats to Global Health in 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019 [Last accessed on 2022 June 09].

Okubo R, Yoshioka T, Ohfuji S, Matsuo T, Tabuchi T. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in Japan. Vaccines. 2021;9(6):662. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060662 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060662

Lucia VC, Kelekar A, Afonso NM. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students. J Public Health (Oxf). 2021;43(3):445-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa230 PMid:33367857 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa230

Robinson E, Jones A, Lesser I, Daly M. International estimates of intended uptake and refusal of COVID-19 vaccines: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of large nationally representative samples. Vaccine. 2021;39(15):2024-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.005 PMid:33722411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.005

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. [Survey of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Indonesia for 2020]. Indonesian. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/p/hasil-kajian/covid-19-vaccine-acceptance-survey-indonesia [Last accessed 2020 Aug 20].

Harada T, Watanabe T. Changes in vaccine hesitancy in Japan across five months during the COVID-19 pandemic and its related factors. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;10(1):25. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010025 PMid:35062686 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010025

İkiışık H, Akif Sezerol M, Taşçı Y, Maral I. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A community-based research in Turkey. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(8):e14336. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14336

Dror AA, Eisenbach N, Taiber S, Morozov NG, Mizrachi M, Zigron A, et al. Vaccine hesitancy: The next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(8):775-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00671-y PMid:32785815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00671-y

Dinas Kesehatan Kota Dumai. [Report on Vaccination Data in Dumai City]. Indonesian. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Dumai; 2021.

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. [Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia no. HK.01.07/MENKES/12758/2020 on the Types of Vaccines for Use in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination.]. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Available from: https://covid19.hukumonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/keputusan_menteri_kesehatan_nomor_hk_01_07_menkes_12758_2020_tahun_2020.pdf [Last accessed 2021 Sep 20].

Lin C, Tu P, Beitsch LM. Confidence and receptivity for COVID-19 vaccines: A rapid systematic review. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;9(1):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010016 PMid:33396832 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010016

Biswas MR, Alzubaidi MS, Shah U, Abd-Alrazaq AA, Shah Z. A scoping review to find out worldwide COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its underlying determinants. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(11):1243. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111243 PMid:34835174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111243

Edwards B, Biddle N, Gray M, Sollis K. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance: Correlates in a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the Australian population. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248892-e. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248892 PMid:33760836 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248892

Murphy J, Vallières F, Bentall RP, Shevlin M, McBride O, Hartman TK, et al. Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20226-9 PMid:33397962 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20226-9

Cori L, Bianchi F, Cadum E, Anthonj C. Risk perception and COVID-19. Int J of Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093114 PMid:32365710 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093114

Anderson EC, Carleton RN, Diefenbach M, Han PK. The relationship between uncertainty and affect. Front Psychol. 2019;10:2504. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02504 PMid:31781003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02504

Kessels R, Luyten J, Tubeuf S. Willingness to get vaccinated against Covid-19 and attitudes toward vaccination in general. Vaccine. 2021;39(33):4716-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.069 PMid:34119349 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.069

Verger P, Dubé E. Restoring confidence in vaccines in the COVID-19 era. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020;19(11):991-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2020.1825945 PMid:32940574 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2020.1825945

Gallè F, Sabella EA, Roma P, De Giglio O, Caggiano G, Tafuri S, et al. Knowledge and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among undergraduate students from central and southern Italy. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(6):638. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060638 PMid:34200835 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060638

Eskola J, Duclos P, Schuster M, MacDonald NE, SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. How to deal with vaccine hesitancy? Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4215-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.043 PMid:25896378 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.043

Hickler B, Guirguis S, Obregon R. Vaccine special issue on vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4155-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.034 PMid:25896381 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.034