Push-Out Bond Strength and Dentinal Penetration of a Novel Herbal-Based Pulp Capping Agent: An In vitro Study

Mai Hamdy; Huda Elgendi; Marwa Sharaan

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.10691

Authors

Mai Hamdy Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Huda Elgendi Department of Biomaterials, Sinai University, Kantara Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
Marwa Sharaan Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10691

Keywords:

Grape seed extract, Mineral trioxide aggregate, Penetration dentin depth, Pulp capping, Push-out bond strength, Scanning electron microscopy

Abstract

Background: Pulp capping agents should have proper sealing effect to enhance dental pulp tissue healing.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of grape seed extract (GSE) and Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to penetrate to dentin and their push-out bond strength at two time intervals (1 and 3 months) when used as pulp capping agents either singly or combined to each other.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 120 human single-rooted anterior teeth. Sixty dentin discs were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) based on the material used; MTA, GSE, and a combination of MTA and GSE. A universal testing machine was used to determine the push-out bond strength for one and three months. At the same time intervals, extra 60 teeth with the same groups were utilized to quantify the degree of capping material penetration within the dentinal tubules using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ANOVA with multiple comparison Post hoc test was used to evaluate the data where the p value was < 0.05.

Results: MTA had the highest push-out bond strength and penetration depth measurement into dentinal tubules at one month, followed by MTA combined with GSE, while GSE had the lowest push-out bond strength and penetration depth measurement. Nevertheless, GSE had the greatest values in both tests at 3 months, followed by MTA, while MTA coupled with GSE had the lowest value in both tests.

Conclusion: Push out bond strength and dentinal penetration depth were improved with time except for the MTA group testing its dentinal penetration depth. GSE shows good push out bond strength and dentinal penetration depth.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Schwendicke F, Frencken JE, Bjørndal L, Maltz M, Manton D, Van Landuyt K, et al. Managing carious lesions: Consensus recommendations on carious tissue removal. Adv Dent Res. 2016;28(2):58-67. https://doi.10.1177/0022034516639271 PMid:27099358 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516639271

Song M, Yu B, Kim S, Hayashi M, Smith C, Sohn S, Kim E, et al. Clinical and molecular perspectives of reparative dentin formation: Lessons learned from pulp-capping materials and the emerging roles of calcium. Dent Clin North Am. 2017;61(1):93-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2016.08.008 PMid:27912821 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2016.08.008

Poggio C, Ceci M, Dagna A, Beltrami R, Colombo M, Chiesa M. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of different pulp capping materials: A comparative study. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2015;66(3):181-8. https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2589 PMid:26444338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2589

Bagchi D, Garg A, Krohn RL, Bagchi M, Tran MX, Stohs SJ. Oxygen free radical scavenging abilities of Vitamins C and E, and a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in vitro. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1997;95(2):179-89. PMid:9090754

Schwartz RS, Mauger M, Clement DJ, Walker WA 3rd. Mineral trioxide aggregate: A new material for endodontics. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999;130(7):967-75. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0337 PMid:10422400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0337

Hashem AA, Hassanien EE. ProRoot MTA, MTA-angelus and IRM used to repair large furcation perforations: Sealability study. J Endod. 2008;34(1):59-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.09.007 PMid:18155494 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.09.007

Torabinejad M, Watson TF, Ford TR. Sealing ability of a mineral trioxide aggregate when used as a root end filling material. J Endod. 1993;19(12):591-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80271-2 PMid:8151252 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80271-2

Chng HK, Islam I, Yap AU, Tong YW, Koh ET. Properties of a new root-end filling material. J Endod. 2005;31(9):665-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.don.0000157993.89164.be PMid:16123702 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.don.0000157993.89164.be

Fine AM. Oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes: History, and phytopharmaceutical applications. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(2):144-51. PMid:10767669

Abraham S, Ghonmode WM, Saujanya KP, Jaju N, Tambe VH, Yawalikar PP. Effect of grape seed extracts on bond strength of bleached enamel using fifth and seventh generation bonding agents. J Int Oral Health. 2013;5(6):101-7. PMid:24453453

D’Aviz FS, Lodi E, Souza MA, Farina AP, Cecchin D. Antibacterial efficacy of the grape seed extract as an irrigant for root canal preparation. Eur Endod J. 2020;5(1):35-9. https://doi.org/10.14744/eej.2019.85057 PMid:32342036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14744/eej.2019.85057

Alinda S, Margono A, Aarianti D. Effect of grape seed extract solution on the microhardness of the root canal dentin: An in vitro study. Int J App Pharm. 2020;12(2):62-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s2.PP-16

Cox CF, Hafez AA, Akimoto N, Otsuki M, Mills JC. Biological basis for clinical success: Pulp protection and the tooth-restoration interface. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 1999;11(7):819-26. PMid:10853583

Nikhade P, Kela S, Chandak M, Chandwani N. Comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of calcium silicate based materials: An ex-vivo study. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2016;15(11):65-8.

Shahi S, Rahimi S, Yavari HR, Samiei M, Janani M, Bahari M, et al. Effects of various mixing techniques on push-out bond strengths of white mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2012;38(4):501-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.01.001 PMid:22414837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.01.001

Saghiri MA, Garcia-Godoy F, Gutmann JL, Lotfi M, Asatourian A, Ahmadi H. Push-out bond strength of a nano-modified mineral trioxide aggregate. Dent Traumatol. 2013;29(4):323-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01176.x PMid:22882995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01176.x

Shokouhinejad N, Nekoofar MH, Iravani A, Kharrazifard MJ, Dummer PM. Effect of acidic environment on the push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2010;36(5):871-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.025 PMid:20416436 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.025

Bozeman TB, Lemon RR, Eleazer PD. Elemental analysis of crystal precipitate from gray and white MTA. J Endod. 2006;32(5):425-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2005.08.009 PMid:16631841 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2005.08.009

Tay FR, Pashley DH. Monoblocks in root canals: A hypothetical or a tangible goal. J Endod. 2007;33(4):391-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.10.009 PMid:17368325 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.10.009

Kulakowski D, Leme-Kraus AA, Nam JW, McAlpine J. Chen SN, Pauli GF, et al. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins released from dentin induce regenerative dental pulp cell response. Acta Biomater. 2017;55:262-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.051

Nakabayashi N, Nakamura M, Yasuda N. Hybrid layer as a dentin-bonding mechanism. J Esthet Dent. 1991;3(4):133-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.1991.tb00985.x PMid:1817582 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.1991.tb00985.x

Featherstone JD. Prevention and reversal of dental caries: Role of low level fluoride. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999;27(1):31-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1999.tb01989.x PMid:10086924 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1999.tb01989.x

Atabek S, Özden AN. Comparison of the effect of proanthocyanidin surface treatments on shear bond strength of different cements. Materials (Basel). 2019;12(7):2676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172676 PMid:31443373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172676

Bedran-Russo AK, Pashley DH, Agee K, Drummond JL, Miescke KJ. Changes in stiffness of demineralized dentin following application of cross linkers. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2008;86(2):330-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.31022 PMid:18161815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.31022

Castellan CS, Pereira PN, Grande RH, Bedran-Russo AK. Mechanical characterization of proanthocyanidin-dentin matrix interaction. Dent Mater. 2010;26(10):968-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.06.001 PMid:20650510 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.06.001

Epasinghe DJ, Yiu CK, Burrow MF, Hiraishi N, Tay FR. The inhibitory effect of proanthocyanidin on soluble and collagen-bound proteases. J Dent. 2013;41(9):832-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.06.002 PMid:23806340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.06.002

La VD, Howell AB, Grenier D. Cranberry proanthocyanidins inhibit MMP production and activity. J Dent Res. 2009;88(7):627-3. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034509339487 PMid:19641150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034509339487

Kokkas AB, Boutsioukis AC, Vassiliadis LP, Stavrianos CK. The influence of smear layer on dentinal tubule penetration depth by three different root canal sealers: An in vitro study. J Endod. 2004;30(2):100-2. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200402000-00009 PMid:14977306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200402000-00009

Mamootil K, Messer H. Penetration of dentinal tubules by endodontic sealer cements in extracted teeth and in vivo. Int Endod J. 2007;40(11):873-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01307.x PMid:17764458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01307.x

Sarkar NK, Caicedo R, Ritwik P, Moiseyeva R, Kawashima I. Physicochemical basis of the biologic properties of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2005;31(2):97-100. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.don.0000133155.04468.41 PMid:15671817 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.DON.0000133155.04468.41

Cate AR. Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function. 5th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 1998.

Funteas UR, Wallace JA, Fochtman EW. A comparative analysis of mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement. Aust Endod J. 2003;29(1):43-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2003.tb00498.x PMid:12772972 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2003.tb00498.x

Balto HA. Attachment and morphological behavior of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to mineral trioxide aggregate: A scanning electron microscope study. J Endod. 2004;30(1):25-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200401000-00005 PMid:14760903 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200401000-00005

Parirokh M, Torabinejad M. Mineral trioxide aggregate: A comprehensive literature review-Part III: Clinical applications, drawbacks, and mechanism of action. J Endod. 2010;36(3):400-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.09.009 PMid:20171353 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.09.009

Nudelman F, Lausch AJ, Sommerdijk JM, Sone ED. In vitro models of collagen biomineralization. J Struct Biol. 2013;183(2):258-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2013.04.003 PMid:23597833 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2013.04.003

Tedesco M, Chain M, Felippe W, Alves A, Garcia L, Bortoluzzi E, et al. Correlation between bond strength to dentin and sealers penetration by push-out test and CLSM analysis. Braz Dent J. 2019;30(6):555-62. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902766 PMid:31800749 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902766

Türker SA, Uzunoğlu E, Purali N. Evaluation of dentinal tubule penetration depth and push-out bond strength of AH 26, BioRoot RCS, and MTA Plus root canal sealers in presence or absence of smear layer. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2018;12(4):294-8. https://doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2018.046 PMid:30774797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2018.046