Evaluation the Impact of Changing Patient Thickness on Treatment Dose Amount Given to Injured Area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10760Keywords:
Radiation therapy, XIO, Computed tomography, Chemotherapy, TumorAbstract
Radiation therapy provides an appropriate radiation dose to tumors. The proportion of this dose varies according to the injured part and its location. Targeting the part affected by the tumor with an appropriate radiation dose requires high accuracy in measuring from the radiation source to the patient and the amount of dose. This treatment was applied using digital linear accelerators and computers to treat the tumor with radiation. In most cases, it is used chemotherapy, one of the standard cancer treatments. However, those doses affect the patient as it leads to loss of appetite, which negatively affects the patient's weight. The patient loses weight during treatment, and the affected area's thickness changes during a Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the body for treatment planning. This led to changes in dose distribution to the target area and adjacent organs (organs at risk). This study examines the impact of changes in the patient's treatment area thickness on both dose and Source Surface Distance (SSD). In this study, we apply five different parts of cancer (lung, prostate, uterus, rectum, and vulva) that were treated by the traditional method using a linear accelerator and using a one-dimensional beam. Furthermore, CT takes images of the affected area to locate the tumor and plan treatment. Also, XIO device is used to track the patient's thickness during treatment and take a three-dimensional (3D) image of the patient during daily treatment sessions. The obtained results showed that the changing in treatment area thickness between 0.5 - 2.3cm, led to a change in the distance from the source to the patient's body, where the percentage of change was from 0.43 to 2.67%. Furthermore, the results showed that the dose increase of the planning target volume (PTV) by 1.54%, prostate 0.13%, rectum 0.38%, and bladder 0.83%, when the treatment area decreased thickness to 1.47 cm for prostate cancer. Moreover, the clinical target volume (CTV) dose by 0.40%, PTV 3.65%, rectum 3.84%, and bladder 3.19% decrease when the treatment area thickness increase by 3.16 cm in cervical cancer. Thus, the dose changed for the affected organ significantly more than the reference dose.
Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
World Health Organization. Cancer. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer [Last accessed on 2022 Feb 3].
Ganeshalingam S, Koh DM. Nodal staging. Cancer Imaging. 2009;9(1):104-11. https://doi.org/10.1102/1470-7330.2009.0017 PMid20080453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1102/1470-7330.2009.0017
Bhide SA, Davies M, Burke K, McNair HA, Hansen V, Barbachano Y, et al. Weekly volume and dosimetric changes during chemoradiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: A prospective observational study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76(5):1360-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.04.005 PMid20338474 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.04.005
Bando R, Ikushima H, Kawanaka T, Kudo T, Sasaki M, Tominaga M, et al. Changes of tumor and normal structures of the neck during radiation therapy for head and neck cancer requires adaptive strategy. J Med Invest. 2013;60(1-2):46-51. https://doi.org/10.2152/jmi.60.46 PMid23614911 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2152/jmi.60.46
Hou WH, Wang CW, Tsai CL, Hsu FM, Cheng JC. The ratio of weight loss to planning target volume significantly impacts setup errors in nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing helical tomotherapy with daily megavoltage computed tomography. Radiol Oncol. 2016;50(4):427-32. https://doi.org/10.1515/raon-2016-0047 PMid27904451 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/raon-2016-0047
Den Kamp CM, De Ruysscher DK, van den Heuvel M, Elferink M, Houben RM, Oberije CJ, et al. Early body weight loss during concurrent chemo-radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014;5(2):127-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-013-0127-5 PMid24452446 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-013-0127-5
Chow JC, Jiang R. Dosimetry estimation on variations of patient size in prostate volumetric-modulated arc therapy. Med Dosim. 2013;38(1):42-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2012.05.005 PMid22819685 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2012.05.005
Chow JC, Jiang R. Comparison of dosimetric variation between prostate IMRT and VMAT due to patient’s weight loss: Patient and phantom study. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother. 2013;18(5):272-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2013.05.003 PMid24416564 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2013.05.003
Alsamhi SH, Ma O, Ansari MS, Almalki FA. Survey on collaborative smart drones and internet of things for improving smartness of smart cities. Ieee Access. 2019;7:2934998. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2934998 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2934998
Barker JL Jr., Garden AS, Ang KK, O’Daniel JC, Wang H, Court LE, et al. Quantification of volumetric and geometric changes occurring during fractionated radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer using an integrated CT/linear accelerator System. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;59(4):960-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.12.024 PMid15234029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.12.024
Hansen EK, Bucci MK, Quivey JM, Weinberg V, Xia P. Repeat CT imaging and replanning during the course of IMRT for head- and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;64(2):355-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.957 PMid16256277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.957
Robar JL, Day A, Clancey J, Kelly R, Yewondwossen M, Hollenhorst H, et al. Spatial and dosimetric variability of organs at risk in head-and-neck intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68(4):1121-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.01.030 PMid17398025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.01.030
Osorio EM, Hoogeman MS, Al-Mamgani A, Teguh DN, Levendag PC, Heijmen BJ. Local anatomic changes in parotid and submandibular glands during radiotherapy for oropharynx cancer and correlation with dose, studied in detail with nonrigid registration. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;70(3):875-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.10.063 PMid18262099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.10.063
Beaver ME, Matheny KE, Roberts DB, Myers JN. Predictors of weight loss during radiation therapy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;125(6):645-8. https://doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2001.120428 PMid11743469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2001.120428
Munshi A, Pandey MB, Durga T, Pandey KC, Bahadur S, Mohanti BK. Weight loss during radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies: What factors impact it? Nutr Cancer. 2003;47(2):136-40. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327914nc4702_5 PMid15087265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327914nc4702_5
Qiu C, Yang N, Tian G, Liu H. Weight loss during radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A prospective study from northern China. Nutr Cancer. 2011;63(6):873-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2011.582223 PMid21714687 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2011.582223
Brahme A. Accuracy requirements and quality assurance of external beam therapy with photons and electrons. Acta Oncol. 1988;1:27.
Ito H. Effect of body thickness on helical and direct treatment delivery modes: A phantom study. J Rural Med. 2018;13(2):110-5. https://doi.org/10.2185/jrm.2965 PMid30546799 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2185/jrm.2965
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Musherah AL-Suhbani, Saif Serag, Nor El Houda Baghous, Chakir El Mahjoub (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
