Leprosy Epidemiology According to Leprosy Type in 13 Teaching Hospitals in Indonesia between 2018 and 2020

Ramona Dumasari Lubis; Mila Darmi; Cita Rosita Sigit  Prakoeswa; Regitta Indira  Agusni; Bagus Haryo  Kusumaputra; Medhi Denisa  Alinda; Muhammad Yulianto  Listiawan; Qaira  Anum; Fifa  Argentina; Sri Linuwih  Menaldi; Hendra  Gunawan; Renni  Yuniati; Nur Rachmat  Mulianto; Agnes Sri  Siswati; Dhelya  Widasmara; Luh Made Mas  Rusyati; Enricco Hendra  Mamuaja; Vitayani  Muchtar

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.10816

Authors

Ramona Dumasari Lubis Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Adam Malik General Academic Hospital, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6141-4579
Mila Darmi Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Adam Malik General Academic Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Leprosy Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Regitta Indira Agusni Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Leprosy Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Bagus Haryo Kusumaputra Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Leprosy Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Medhi Denisa Alinda Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Leprosy Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Leprosy Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Qaira Anum Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, M. Djamil General Academic Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Fifa Argentina Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Academic Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
Sri Linuwih Menaldi Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Academic Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Hendra Gunawan Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Academic Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
Renni Yuniati Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Dr. Kariadi General Academic Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
Nur Rachmat Mulianto Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Dr. Moewardi General Academic Hospital, Solo, Indonesia
Agnes Sri Siswati Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito General Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Dhelya Widasmara Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Academic Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
Luh Made Mas Rusyati Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Academic Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Enricco Hendra Mamuaja Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Dr. RD Kandou General Academic Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
Vitayani Muchtar Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Academic Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10816

Keywords:

epidemiology, leprosy, multidrug therapy, who leprosy classification

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Leprosy or Hansen’s disease is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) bacilli which results in chronic infections in humans that affect the peripheral nerves, skin, and other organs such as the eyes, mucous membranes, bones, and testicles. Leprosy has a variety of clinical presentations, depending on the cell-mediated immunity of the host. Leprosy is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as paucibacillary type (PB) and multibacillary type (MB) depending on the number of lesions. This multicenter study aims to provide representation of leprosy types and its epidemiology in Indonesia.

AIM: The purpose of this study is to find out the epidemiology according to the leprosy type in 13 teaching hospitals in Indonesia between 2018 and 2020.

METHODS: This is a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. All patients with the diagnosis of PB or MB type of leprosy who underwent Multidrug Therapy (MDT) treatment between 2018 and 2020 were included in this study. Data collection was carried out by tracing medical records data in 13 teaching hospitals in Indonesia.

RESULTS: A total of 2129 leprosy patients were included in this study. There were 232 cases (10.8%) of PB leprosy and 1897 cases (89.1%) of MB leprosy. The average age of the patients is 38.7 years (SD ± 16.2 years). Males are more affected by leprosy (n = 1,441; 67.7%) compared to female (n = 688; 32.3%).

CONCLUSION: Leprosy remains as a national health problem. The increasing cases of MB leprosy in Indonesia are caused by several factors including the lack of knowledge about leprosy, the delay in diagnosis of leprosy, and the stigma of leprosy within the community; therefore, it becomes a challenge to eliminate leprosy in Indonesia.

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