Anxiety among Pregnant Women in Rural-Urban Area Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Semarang, Indonesia

Ani Margawati; Ahmad Syauqy; Aras Utami; Annisa Hananingtyas; Charysa Zaimatussoleha

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.10937

Authors

Ani Margawati Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-0344
Ahmad Syauqy Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-2834
Aras Utami Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-4416
Annisa Hananingtyas Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-2691
Charysa Zaimatussoleha Department of Nutrition Science

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10937

Keywords:

Mental health, Anxiety, Pregnancy, Covid-19

Abstract

BACKGROUND: About 10% of pregnant women in the world experience emotional changes. Changes that occur during the pandemic, can increase anxiety, including in pregnant women. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with anxiety levels in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Semarang, Indonesia.

METHODS: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique was cluster sampling. The research subjects were 238 pregnant women. The research variables included the mother’s characteristics, hemoglobin, knowledge related to nutrition and COVID-19, and anxiety. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRSA) questionnaire. Data analysis used a multivariate logistic regression test.

RESULTS: This study showed that 20.2% of subjects had mild to moderate to severe anxiety levels. The results of the multivariate analysis, subjects with low COVID-19 knowledge had higher odds of anxiety levels (OR 2.407; 95% CI: 1.202 – 4.820; p-value 0.042), and subjects with gravida in the first time or ≥ fourth times had higher odds of anxiety levels (OR 2.366; 95% CI 1.199 – 4.670; p-value 0.013).

CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with low COVID-19 knowledge and gravida for the first time or ≥ fourth times were found associated with anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Semarang, Indonesia.

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