Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Deaths: An Electronic Medical Records-based Study

Erling David Kaunang; Erwin Gidion Kristanto; Jimmy Panelewen; Ivonne Elisabeth Rotty

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.10959

Authors

Erling David Kaunang Prof.dr.R.D Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
Erwin Gidion Kristanto Prof.dr.R.D Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4271-4346
Jimmy Panelewen Prof.dr.R.D Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
Ivonne Elisabeth Rotty Prof.dr.R.D Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10959

Keywords:

Deaths, COVID-19, Characteristics

Abstract

AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of death cases with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHODS: We collected clinical characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 patients who died from January 01, 2022, to March 31, 2022, in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia. The patient’s clinical features were obtained from the electronic medical records: Age, sex, history of COVID-19 vaccination, type of vaccine, s-gene target failure (SGTF) result, duration of hospitalization, comorbidities, and cause of death.

RESULTS: Seventy-nine medical records of COVID-19 patients treated and died at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia, from January 01, 2022, to March 31, 2022. The mean age of patients was 56-years-old, 57% were males, and 43% were females. The mean duration of hospitalization was 5 days. Most patients (73%) had not received any COVID-19 vaccine. SGTF results showed a probable Omicron variant in 53% of the subject, 13% of non-probable Omicron, and 13% of others who did not have the test. A third of the deceased patients had at least one type of comorbid condition. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity in 66% of our subjects. Most of the issues died due to respiratory failure (63%), and the rest died due to multiple organ failures, septic shock, and cerebrovascular accidents.

CONCLUSION: One-third of COVID-19 patients who died at least had one type of comorbidity, commonly diabetes mellitus. Most of the subjects died due to respiratory failure. Most of the deceased patients had not received any COVID-19 vaccination.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 PMid:31986264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature. 2020;579(7798):265-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3 PMid:32015508 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3

World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from : https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-generals-openingremarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 [Last accessed on 2022 Sep 10].

Megasari NL, Utsumi T, Yamani LN, Juniastuti A, Gunawan E, Furukawa K, et al. (2021) Seroepidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in East Java, Indonesia. PLoS One. 2021;16(5):e0251234. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.Pone.0251234 PMid:33956869 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251234

Karim SS, Karim QA. Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: A new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2021;398(10317):2126-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02758-6 PMid:34871545 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02758-6

Garcia-Beltran WF, St Denis KJ, Hoelzemer A, Lam EC, Nitido AD, Sheehan ML, et al. mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine boosters induce neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Cell. 2022;185(3):457-66.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.033 PMid:34995482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.033

Iuliano AD, Brunkard JM, Boehmer TK, Peterson E, Adjei S, Binder AM, et al. Trends in disease severity and health care utilization during the early omicron variant compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 high transmission periods-United States, December 2020-January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(4):146-52. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e4 PMid:35085225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e4

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in China. medRxiv; 2020. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.20020974v1 [Last accessed on 2022 Sep 11]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.06.2002097

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585 PMid:32031570 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585

Williamson E, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. 2020;584(7821):430-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 PMid:32640463

Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, et al. OpenSAFELY: Factors associated with COVID-19 death in 17 million patients. Nature. 2020;584(7821):430-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 PMid:32640463 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4

Public Health England. Disparities in the Risk and Outcomes of COVID-19. London: Public Health England; 2020. Available from: https://www.assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/889195/disparities_review.pdf [Last accessed on 2022 Sep 11].

Liang W, Guan W, Chen R, Wang W, Li J, Xu K, et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(3):335-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30096-6 PMid:32066541 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30096-6

Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, Hardwick H, Pius R, Norman L, et al. Features of 16,749 Hospitalized UK Patients with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterization Protocol. medRxiv; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076042

Deng G, Yin M, Chen X, Zeng F. Clinical determinants for the fatality of 44,672 patients with COVID-19. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):179. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02902-w PMid:32345311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02902-w

Danza P, Koo TH, Haddix M, Fisher R, Traub E, OYong K, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization among adults aged ≥18 years, by vaccination status, before and during SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant predominance-Los Angeles County, California, November 17, 2021-January 8, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(5):177-81. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7105e1 PMid:35113851 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7105e1

Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Kru¨ger N, Mu¨ ller M, Drosten C, Po¨hlmann S. The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-Coronavirus Receptor ACE2 and the Cellular Protease TMPRSS2 for Entry into Target Cells. BioRxiv; 2020. Available from: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.929042v1 [Last accessed on 2020 Jan 31]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.31.929042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.31.929042

Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X PMid:32085846 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X