Nuclear Factor-Kappa B in Gliomas as a Predictive Factor for Tumor Recurrence – A Clinicopathological Study

Basant H. Sayed; Samia M. Gabal; Ahmed M. Abdalaziz; Dalia Abd El-Kareem

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2023.11085

Authors

Basant H. Sayed Department of Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Samia M. Gabal Department of Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Ahmed M. Abdalaziz Department of Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Dalia Abd El-Kareem Department of Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-7194

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.11085

Keywords:

Gliomas, Glioblastoma, Nuclear Factor-Kappa B, Immunohistochemistry

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) has emerged as a regulator of the malignant phenotype in glioma, and in particular glioblastoma multiforme, with clear relation to tumor size, recurrence, and invasiveness.

AIM: The aim of the study was to study the analysis of NF-κB expression in gliomas of different histologic types and grades and its correlation with various clinicopathologic indicators.

METHODS: One hundred and ten paraffin blocks of glioma cases classified according to WHO classification into 14 (12.7%) cases of Grade I pilocytic astrocytoma, 27 (24.5%) cases of Grade II gliomas, 26 (23.6%) cases of Grade III gliomas, and 43 (39.1%) cases of Grade IV glioblastoma. The correlations between immunostainings and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed statistically.

RESULTS: Positive immunostaining for NF-κB was encountered in (64/110) 58.2% of gliomas. Statistical analysis revealed significant association between positive NF-κB expression and high histological grade (p < 0.001), recurrence of the tumors (p = 0.001), large tumor size (≥5 cm) (p < 0.001), histological subtypes (glioblastoma represented 51.6% of NF-κB positive cases, while pilocytic astrocytoma represented 1.6% of NF-κB positive cases) (p < 0.001) and age of the patient (≥40) (p = 0.039).

CONCLUSIONS: A strong direct relation between NF-κB expression and the grade of glioma was observed. NF-κB expression behaves as a negative independent prognostic factor for the risk of tumor recurrence. Hence, inhibition of NF-κB may be a new therapeutic strategy to prevent recurrence of gliomas, particularly the high-grade type.

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