A Cross-Sectional Study of Obesity Determinants in Female Adolescents at the Gontor Islamic Boarding School for Girls

Indahtul Mufidah; Dono Indarto; Budiyanti Wiboworini

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2023.11098

Authors

Indahtul Mufidah Postgraduate Program of Nutrition Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia; 2Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ngawi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2788-4307
Dono Indarto Postgraduate Program of Nutrition Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-5816
Budiyanti Wiboworini Postgraduate Program of Nutrition Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5561-4451

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.11098

Keywords:

Islamic boarding school, Female adolescents, Intake of fruits and vegetables, Obesity

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity in adolescents has increased worldwide for recent years. Body mass index (BMI)/age, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height Ratio (WHtR) are commonly used for assessment of nutritional status. Daily intake of fruits and vegetables and eating time of fruits inversely associated with obesity.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the associations of daily intake of fruits and vegetables and eating time of fruits with obesity in female adolescents at the Gontor Islamic boarding school for girls.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 245 female adolescents from the Gontor Islamic Boarding School for girls, which were selected with a purposive sampling technique. They were eligible to follow this study if aged 12–16 years old and were healthy. Data of daily intake of fruits and vegetables were collected using the modified semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric data consisted of body weight, height, and WC were measured using the standard measurements. Associations of individual variables with anthropometric parameters were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The multiple logistic regression tests were, then, used to analyze associations of independent variables and confounding factors together with BMI/age, WC, and WHtR with a 95% significant level.

RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obese was 31 and 2% among female adolescents, respectively. Intake of fruits and vegetables associated with BMI/age (p = 0.001), WC (p = 0.039), and WHtR (p = 0.024). Eating time of fruits had no associations with BMI/age (p = 0.207), WC (p = 0.551), and WHtR (p = 0.132). Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables inversely associated with BMI/age (OR = 2.60; p = 0.002), WC (OR = 1.86; p = 0.047), and WHtR (OR = 1.92; p = 0.039).

CONCLUSION: Daily intake of fruits and vegetables inversely associates with BMI/age, WC, and WHtR but not for eating time of fruits among female adolescents in the Gontor Islamic Boarding School for girls.

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