The Impact of Sputnik SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Antibody Response in the Egyptian Population

Ghada  Ismail; Dalia  Abdelhamid; Marwa Salah  Mostafa; Noha Alaa Eldin  Fahim; Ahmed  Elshafei; Hossam  Abdelghaffar; Nashwa  Naguib; Omnia  Taher; Menna Asker

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2023.11163

Authors

Ghada Ismail Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Director of Reference Laboratory of the Egyptian University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
Dalia Abdelhamid Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Marwa Salah Mostafa Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Noha Alaa Eldin Fahim Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Ahmed Elshafei Theodor Belharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
Hossam Abdelghaffar Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt; Secretary General of the Supreme Council for University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
Nashwa Naguib Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Omnia Taher Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Menna Asker Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-1911

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.11163

Keywords:

Sputnik vaccine, COVID-19, Antibodies

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) causes the severe contagious acute respiratory syndrome. Therefore, massive vaccination campaign is mandatory to control the spread. Sputnik COVID-19 vaccines induce immunity through different mechanisms involving antibody response that bind to the spike protein to neutralize the viral entry into the cells.

AIM: This study aims to compare the titers of specific antibodies in the pre- and post-vaccination sera in the vaccinated Egyptian population to evaluate the efficacy of the sputnik vaccine.

METHODS: Samples were collected from 205 adult volunteers receiving the Sputnik vaccine in the Reference Laboratory of Egyptian University Hospitals. Samples were collected before vaccination and within 1, 2, or 3 months after receiving two doses of Sputnik SARS-CoV-2 vaccines from August to October 2021, serum samples collected were tested by quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay using (Mindray CL-960i chemiluminescence analyzer, India) at the Reference laboratory of Egyptian University Hospitals for neutralizing antibodies, anti-spike antibodies, and total antibody levels before and after vaccination.

RESULTS: The results of the 205 paired samples illustrated that there was a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-vaccination antibody levels with a p-value of (< 0.001) indicating that the vaccine produced significantly high levels of antibodies.

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 Sputnik vaccines induce immunity through an antibody response that binds to the virus to neutralize its entry into cells. Our study showed a significant increase in the measured post-vaccination levels of the three antibodies among the enrolled volunteers compared to the basal pre-vaccination level and thus sputnik vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 infections.

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