Effect of Video Games for Rehabilitation on Mobility in Autonomous Older People

Daniela Lyubenova; Antoaneta Dimitrova; Kristin Grigorova-Petrova; Michaela Mitova

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2023.11593

Authors

Daniela Lyubenova Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-7809
Antoaneta Dimitrova Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-1615
Kristin Grigorova-Petrova Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Michaela Mitova Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia, Bulgaria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-7434

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.11593

Keywords:

video games for rehabilitation, older persons, balance, gait

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Autonomous elderly are generally healthy persons in stable clinical status, who do not have any exacerbations, despite of the presence of chronic polymorbidity. Video games for rehabilitation (VGR) could provide more fun and emotion in the routine physiotherapy (PT) sessions and to attract more people stay physically active.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of self-designed 3D camera VGR on mobility and motor abilities in generally healthy older people.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The type of the research is an experimental single-centered study, pre-test and post- test design, conducted at a physical rehabilitation outpatient center. The study is conducted with fifty healthy older people, divided into two groups. The assignment into two groups was according to the preference of the participants to attend video games after routine PT sessions for 7 weeks, 3 times weekly. The experimental group (EG) included 24 women (mean age 76.75 ± 6.89) and the control group consisted of 26 women (mean age 73.69 ± 6.89). The persons were allocated according to their willingness to participate in the study and inclusion (age above 65 years, cooperative, agreeing to participate, and willing to sign a consent form) and exclusion criteria (current exacerbation of a chronic disease, sudden onset of an acute illness, or trauma). The effect on the calf muscle mass, balance, and gait in both groups after the intervention, was evaluated by calf centimetry, Romberg test, functional reach test, 5 times sit-to-stand test, and 10-m walk test.

RESULTS: The applied video games positively affected the functional mobility, strength, and endurance of the lower limbs in the EG. Significant differences between the groups were found regarding static standing balance (p < 0.01), functional balance (p < 0.05), and maximum speed gait (p < 0.05) assessed by Mann–Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon, and Student’s t-test.

CONCLUSION: The present self-designed video game applied as an additional intervention was more effective than conventional PT alone in mobility, balance, and gait in apparently healthy older people.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Suleiman-Martos N, García-Lara R, Albendín-García L, Romero-Béjar JL, La Fuente GA, Monsalve-Reyes C, et al. Effects of active video games on physical function in independent community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2022;78(5):1228-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15138 PMid:34935178 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15138

Yamada K, Yamaguchi S, Ito YM, Ohe T. Factors associated with mobility decrease leading to disability: A cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan, with results from 8681 adults aged 20-89 years. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):651. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02600-4 PMid:34798834 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02600-4

Zunzunegui MV, Alvarado BE, Guerra R, Gómez JF, Ylli A, Guralnik JM, et al. The mobility gap between older men and women: The embodiment of gender. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015;61(2):140-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2015.06.005 PMid:26113021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2015.06.005

Clark WH, Franz JR. Age-related changes to triceps surae muscle-subtendon interaction dynamics during walking. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):21264. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00451-y PMid:34711893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00451-y

Osoba MY, Rao AK, Agrawal SK, Lalwani AK. Balance and gait in the elderly: A contemporary review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2019;4(1):143-53. http://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.252 PMid:30828632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.252

World Health Organization. Haidelberg Guidelines for Promoting physical Activity among Older Persons. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/108545

Gil A. Project “Edu Senior” and improving the Quality of Life of Seniors. Scientific Symposium “Social Services in Partnership to Promote Active Aging in Good Health”. Częstochowa, Poland; 2012.

Andriacchi TP, Ogle JA, Galante JO. Walking speed as a basis for normal and abnormal gait measurements. J Biomech.

;10(4):261-8.http://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(77)90049-5 PMid:858732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(77)90049-5

Lyubenova D, Lyubenov N. Optimizing video games in neurorehabilitation. Neurosonol Cereb Hemodynamics. 2021;17(2):93-105.

Lubenova D, Dimitrova A, Grigorova-Petrova K, Mitova M. Video games for rehabilitation: A new approach to influence the quality of life in practically healthy elderly persons. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022;10(В):2498-503. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10813 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10813

Deutsch JE, Borbely M, Filler J, Huhn K, Guarrera-Bowlby P. Use of a low-cost, commercially available gaming console (Wii) for rehabilitation of an adolescent with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2008;88(10):1196-207. http://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080062 PMid:18689607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080062

Fager SK, Burnfield JM. Patients’ experiences with technology during inpatient rehabilitation: Opportunities to support independence and therapeutic engagement. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2014;9(2):121-7. http://doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2013.787124 PMid:23600732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2013.787124

Warburton D, Charlesworth S, Ivey A, Nettlefold L, Sd Bredin S. A systematic review of the evidence for Canada’s Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010;7:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-39 PMid:20459783 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-39

Rutkowski S, Kiper P, Cacciante L, Cieślik B, Mazurek J, Turolla A, et al. Use of virtual reality-based training in different fields of rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta- analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2020;52(11):jmr00121. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2755 PMid:33073855 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2755

Wade D. Measurement in Neurological Rehabilitation. New York: Oxford Univrsity Press; 1996.

Whitney SL, Wrisley DM, Marchetti GF, Gee MA, Redfern MS, Furman JM. Clinical measurement of sit-to-stand performance in people with balance disorders: Validity of data for the Five- Times-Sit-to-Stand Test. Phys Ther. 2005;85(10):1034-45. PMid:16180952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.10.1034

Bohannon R. Reference values for the five-repetition sit-to- stand test: A descriptive meta-analysis of data from elders. Percept Mot Skills. 2006;103(1):215-22. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.103.1.215-222 PMid: 17037663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.103.1.215-222

Duncan PW, Weiner DK, Chandler J, Studenski S. Functional reach: A new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol. 1990;45(6):M192-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/45.6.m192 PMid:2229941 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/45.6.M192

Forbes J, Munakomi S, Cronovich H. Romberg test. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563187 [Last accessed on 2022 Nov 02].

Tityanova Е. Textbook of Nervous Diseases. Clinical Neurology. Sofia: Koti Eood; 2021.

Jonsson Е, Henriksson M, Hirschfeld H. Does the functional reach test reflect stability limits in elderly people? J Rehabil Med. 2003;35(1):26-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/16501970306099. PMid:12610845 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16501970306099

Bohannon RW, Williams Andrews A. Normal walking speed: A descriptive meta-analysis. Physiotherapy. 2011;97(3):182-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2010.12.004 PMid:21820535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2010.12.004

Kollen B, Kwakkel G, Lindeman E. Hemiplegic gait after stroke: Is measurement of maximum speed required? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(3):358-63. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.11.007 PMid:16500169 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.11.007

Lindholm B, Nilsson MH, Hansson O, Hagell P. The clinical significance of 10-m walk test standardizations in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol. 2018;265(8):1829-35. http://doi.org/10.1007/ s00415-018-8921-9 PMid:29876762 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-8921-9

Fukuchi CA, Fukuchi RK, Duarte M. Effects of walking speed on gait biomechanics in healthy participants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2019;8(1):153. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1063-z PMid:31248456 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1063-z

Macaluso A, De Vito G. Muscle strength, power and adaptations to resistance training in older people. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;91(4):450-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-0991-3 PMid:14639481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-0991-3

Sanders M, Sanders B. Principles of resistance training. In: Bandy D, Sanders B, editors. Therapeutic Exercise. 2nd ed. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2008. p. 85-103. 28. Tinetti ME, Ginter SF. Identifying mobility dysfunctions in elderly patients. Standard neuromuscular examination or direct assessment. JAMA. 1988;259(8):1190-3. PMid:3339820 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03720080024022

Richardson JK, Sandman D, Vela S. A focused exercise regimen improves clinical measures of balance in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(2):205-9. http://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.19742 PMid:11239311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.19742

Fang Q, Ghanouni P, Anderson SE, Touchett H, Shirley R, Fang F, et al. Effects of exergaming on balance of healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Games Health J. 2020;9(1):11-23. http://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2019.0016 PMid:31800322 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2019.0016

Cseppento C, Judea-Pusta C, Adrian M, Vicas L, Bochis C, Purza L, et al. Depressive disorder influence on the quality of life of the patient with degenerative pathology. Journal Medical Aradean. 2017;20 (2):5-8.

Ferreira V, Carvas N Jr., Artilheiro MC, Pompeu JE, Hassan SA, Kasawara KT. Interactive video gaming improves functional balance in poststroke individuals: Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eval Health Prof. 2020;43(1):23-32. http://doi.org/10.1177/0163278718784998 PMid:30033748 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278718784998

Grigorova-Petrova K, Dimitrova A, Lubenova D, Zaharieva D, Vassileva D. Feasibility of interactive video games for influence on balance in institutionalized elderly people. J Phys Educ Sport. 2015;31(15):429-32. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2015.03064 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2015.03064

Montero-Odasso M, Schapira M, Soriano ER, Varela M, Kaplan R, Camera LA, et al. Gait velocity as a single predictor of adverse events in healthy seniors aged 75 years and older. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(10):1304-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/60.10.1304 PMid:16282564 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/60.10.1304