Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain on Vaccinated Individuals Compared to Natural Infection

Maria Yasintha Lihawa; Eulis Alwi Datau; Eko Surachmanto; Juwita Soekarno; Budi Tulaka

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2023.11611

Authors

Maria Yasintha Lihawa Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9546-9819
Eulis Alwi Datau Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
Eko Surachmanto Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
Juwita Soekarno Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
Budi Tulaka Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.11611

Keywords:

Coronavirus disease-19, Receptor-binding domain, IgG, Vaccine, Fungal infection in hematological malignancies

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been going on for more than 2 years, with various treatments and diagnostic methods available. One of the most prized structures, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has long been thoroughly researched for its function and becoming the target for various diagnostic methods and treatments, including a vaccine. The spike-RBD (sRBD) antibody count might be the parameter for antibody response in vaccinated and infected individuals. However, no direct comparison is made.

AIM: The study aims to compare the sRBD antibody count in the naturally infected individuals to the vaccinated ones.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 49 participants of the infected patients, and vaccinated individuals were included in this study from Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. The participants underwent a COVID-19 antibody test, using enhanced “Chemiluminescence” Immuno assay to analyze the anti-sRBD IgG quantitatively. Results were then analyzed and compared using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences ver 25.0 with Mann−Whitney non-parametric test.

RESULTS: The study shows a higher median antibody count in the naturally infected group compared to the vaccinated group (132.70 vs. 11.95 U/mL; p < 0.001). Further studies on the topic should be conducted to determine the comparison on a larger scale.

CONCLUSION: The s-RBD antibody titer is significantly higher in naturally infected patients than in vaccinated individuals.

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