The Depression Level of Women Suffering Domestic Violence in Medan, Indonesia

Friska Gurning; Vita Camellia; Harun Taher Parinduri; Elmeida Effendy

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.3298

Authors

Friska Gurning Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
Vita Camellia Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
Harun Taher Parinduri Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
Elmeida Effendy Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3298

Keywords:

Domestic Violence, Level of Depression, Women Victims, Risk Factors

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Domestic violence is defined as a social problem associated with an increased risk of mental illness in women. The violence experienced by women can be a traumatic event that leads to a psychological disorder. Domestic violence has a strong relationship with depression, including depressive symptoms, depression disorders, and suicide. Risk factors associated with depression in women victims of domestic violence are including age, education level, socioeconomic status, and long experience of violence.

AIM: The aim of this study was to find the risk factors associated with the level of depression in women who experience domestic violence.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study and conducted at the Psychiatric Clinic of Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital, Medan. Subjects were 82 people of victims of domestic violence and recruited using non-probability sampling which was consecutive sampling. Subjects that meet the inclusion criteria were interviewed with the ICD-10 (A1) version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Furthermore, subjects were asked to fill out the Beck Depression Inventory-II questionnaire. Finally, statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression through SPSS software.

RESULTS: The most dominant risk factors for the level of depression were categorized with long experience of violence (odds ratio [OR] = 4.939, p = 0.018), economic level (OR = 4.436, p = 0.01), and education level (OR = 3.754, p = 0.022).

CONCLUSION: A significant relationship is found between violence duration, economic level, and education level with the level of depression for women victims in domestic violence.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Showalter K. Women’s employment and domestic violence: A review of the literature. Aggress Violent Behav. 2016;31:37-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2016.06.017

Lockton D. Domestic Violence. London: Cavendish Publishing Limited; 1997.

Davis RL. Domestic Violence Intervention, Prevention, Policies, and Solutions. Florida: CRC Press; 2008.

Kavak F, Aktürk Ü, Özdemir A, Gültekin A. The relationship between domestic violence against women and suicide risk. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2018;32(4):574-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.03.016 PMid:30029750

Boughima FA, Razine R, Benyaich H, Mrabet M. The profile of women victims of domestic violence in Morocco. Rev Méd Légale. 2018;9:96-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medleg.2018.05.002

Lawrence S, Chau M, Lennon MC. Depression, Substance Abuse, and Domestic Violence. Columbia University: The National Center for Children in Poverty; 2004.

Ferrari G, Agnew-Davies R, Bailey J, Howard L, Howarth E, Peters TJ, et al. Domestic violence and mental health: A cross-sectional survey of women seeking help from domestic violence support services. Glob Health Action. 2016;9:29890. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.29890

Warshaw C, Barnes H. Domestic Violence, Mental Health and Trauma. Chicago, IL: Wacker Drive, Suite; 2003.

Coston BM. Disability, sexual orientation, and the mental health outcomes of intimate partner violence: A comparative study of women in the U.S. Disabil Health J. 2019;12(2):164-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.11.002 PMid:30448101

Russo A, Reginelli A, Pignatiello M, Cioce F, Mazzei G, Fabozzi O, et al. Imaging of violence against the elderly and the women. Semin Ultrasound. 2019;40:18-24. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2018.10.004

Çelik AS, Kırca N. Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in a Turkish setting. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2018;231:111-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.10.032 PMid:30342312

Markovik M, Peshevska DJ. Gender as individual risk factor for elderly abuse: Findings from first national prevalence study in Macedonia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2014;2:373. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2014.064

Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan and Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 10th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2017.

Wong JY, Tiwari A, Fong DY. Depression among women experiencing intimate partner violence in chinese community. Nurs Res. 2011;60:58-65. https://doi.org/10.1097/nnr.0b013e3182002a7c PMid:21127447

Dahlan MS. Langkah-Langkah Membuat Proposal Penelitian Bidang Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2nd ed. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2014.

van Vliet IM, de Beurs E. The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A brief structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV en ICD-10 psychiatric disorders. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2007;49:393-7. PMid:17614093

Arnau RC, Meagher MW, Norris MP, Bramson R. Psychometric evaluation of the beck depression inventory-II with primary care medical patients. Health Psychol. 2001;20(2):112-9. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.20.2.112 PMid:11315728

Ginting H, Näring G, van der Veld WM, Srisayekti W, Becker ES. Validating the beck depression inventory-II in Indonesia’s general population and coronary heart disease patients. Int J Clin Heal Psychol. 2013;13:235-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/ s1697-2600(13)70028-0

Statistik BP. Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat; 2018. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2018/11/26/ 81ede2d56698c07d510f6983/ statistik-kesejahteraan-rakyat-2018.html. [Last accessed on 2019 Jun 25].

Hegarty K, Gunn J, Chondros P, Small R. Association between depression and abuse by partners of women attending general practice: Descriptive, cross sectional survey. BMJ. 2004;328(7440):621-4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7440.621 PMid:15016694

Trevillion K, Oram S, Feder G, Howard LM. Experiences of domestic violence and mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51740. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051740 PMid:23300562

Ali FA, Israr SM, Ali BS, Janjua NZ. Association of various reproductive rights, domestic violence and marital rape with depression among Pakistani women. BMC Psychiatry. 2009;9:77. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244x-9-77 PMid:19951410