Impact of Hydroxychloroquine on Fructose-induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats: Promising Protective Effect

Ahmed Shata; Mahmoud A. Naga; Basem H.  Elsawy; Abdel-Moneim Hafez

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.3348

Authors

Ahmed Shata Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Dakhaliya, Egypt
Mahmoud A. Naga Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, AL-Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Basem H. Elsawy Department of Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abdel-Moneim Hafez Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; 7Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3348

Keywords:

Hydroxychloroquine, Metabolic syndrome, Pancreas, Homeostatic model assessment, Blood lipids

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis for a long time. Its effects on inflammation and immune modulation were noted.

AIM: This study aims to investigate the effects of HCQ in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome and to explore its possible mechanisms.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Group I (negative control), Group II fed on high-fructose diet, and Group III fed on high fructose and subdivided into Group III-a (HCQ 50 mg/kg), Group III-b (HCQ 100 mg/kg), Group III-c (HCQ 200 mg/kg), and Group III-d (metformin 100 mg/kg). Body weight, blood glucose, liver enzymes, and lipid profile were measured. Insulin level, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), soluble-intercellular adhesion molecule, and vascular cell adhesion molecule were assayed. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, adipokines (leptin, resistin, and adiponectin), and histological examination of pancreas were assessed.

RESULTS: HCQ induces good effects on lipid profile and improves significantly HOMA, endothelial stress markers, and adiponectin, and reduces leptin and TNF-α levels. In addition, significant improvement in structural changes was noted in pancreas with different doses of HCQ.

CONCLUSION: Favorable effects of HCQ in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome are promising and can be used early in those at risk of diabetes.

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