Detection of Multiple Dengue Infections by Rt-qPCR in West Sumatera, Indonesia

Almurdi Almurdi; Ellyza Nasrul; Efrida  Efrida; Nuzulia Irawati

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.4343

Authors

Almurdi Almurdi Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
Ellyza Nasrul Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
Efrida Efrida Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
Nuzulia Irawati Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4343

Keywords:

Dengue, Serotype, Multiple infection, RT-qPCR, Viral load

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dengue is a disease caused by four distinct serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1-4). DENV serotype differs from one another by 25–40% at the amino acid level. The detection of serotype is very important due to the fact that in secondary infection with heterologous serotype often leads to life threatening, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS); likewise, an infection caused by two serotypes or more in one individual can contribute to the severity of infection.

AIMS: The aims of the study were to detect the multiple dengue serotypes infection by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) and to determine the viral load in dengue infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study applied the molecular examination for determining the serotype and viral load of DENV. The data were analyzed using Student’s t-test.

RESULTS: A total of 119 samples, 91 samples showed positive dengue infection after amplification. The multiple dengue infection was found in 47 samples and 44 samples with single infection. There was a significant difference between the number of viral load DENV-2 and DENV-1 infection (p = 0.000).

CONCLUSION: Two or more serotypes of dengue were found to infect a patient in West Sumatra. DENV-2 serotype was found predominantly in West Sumatra (n = 36, 39.56%) in patients with single infection. The molecular detection of dengue RNA by RT-PCR is a sensitive, rapid, and simple method. The RT-PCR method can detect the multiple dengue infection in clinical samples.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Sun J, Lu L, Wu H, Yang J, Xu L, Sang S, et al. Epidemiological trends of dengue in mainland China, 2005-2015. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;57:86-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2017.02.007 PMid:28214563

Vannice KS, Durbin A, Hombach J. Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for dengue. Vaccine. 2016;34(26):2934-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. vaccine.2015.12.073 PMid:26973072

Martina BE. Dengue pathogenesis: A disease driven by the host response. Sci Prog. 2014;97(Pt 3):197-214. PMid:25549406

Sasmono RT, Aryati A, Wardhani P, Yohan B, Trimarsanto H, Fahri S, et al. Performance of simplexa dengue molecular assay compared to conventional and SYBR green RT-PCR for detection of dengue infection in Indonesia. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e103815. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103815 PMid:25102066

Diamond MS, Pierson TC. Molecular insight into dengue virus pathogenesis and its implications for disease control. Cell. 2015;162(3):488-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.005 PMid:26232221

Jayanthi HK, Tulasi SK. Correlation study between platelet count, leukocyte count, nonhemorrhagic complications, and duration of hospital stay in dengue fever with thrombocytopenia. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2016;5(1):120-3. https://doi. org/10.4103/2249-4863.184635 PMid:27453855

Joshi AA, Gayathri BR, Yashica GR. The total leucocyte count: Its utility in dengue. Int J Adv Med. 2017;4(6):1621-6. https://doi. org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20175178

Bhatnagar J, Blau DM, Shieh WJ, Paddock CD, Drew C, Liu L, et al. Molecular detection and typing of dengue viruses from archived tissues of fatal cases by rt-PCR and sequencing: Diagnostic and epidemiologic implications. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;86(2):335-40. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0346 PMid:22302871

Momin A, Zarghoona W, Munsif A, Fareha H, Ahsan AS, Anam A, et al. Correlation of temperature with platelet count and total leukocyte count in dengue: Findings from a secondary data analysis. SOJ Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;7(1):1-4.

Lin Y, Ma D, Wen S, Zeng F, Hong S, Li L, et al. Molecular characterization of the viral structural gene of the first dengue virus Type 1 outbreak in Xishuangbanna: A border area of China, Burma and Laos. Int J Infect Dis. 2019;79:152-61. https://doi. org/10.1101/423152 PMid:30528395

Ansori AN, Sucipto TH, Deka PT, Ahwanah NL, Churrotin S, Kotaki T, et al. Differences of universal and multiplex primer for detection of dengue virus from patients suspected dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Surabaya. Indones J Top Infect Dis. 2015;5(6):147-51. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v5i6.594

Kusmintarsih ES, Hayati RF, Turnip ON, Yohan B, Suryaningsih S, Pratiknyo H, et al. Molecular characterization of dengue viruses isolated from patients in central java, Indonesia. J Infect Public Health. 2018;11(5):617-25. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.019 PMid:29056517

Candra A. Dengue hemorrhagic fever: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and its transmission risk factors. Aspirator. 2010;2(2):110-9.

Saxena P, Dash PK, Santhosh SR, Shrivastava A, Parida M, Rao PL. Development and evaluation of one step single tube multiplex RT-PCR for rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses. Virol J. 2008;5:20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422x-5-20 PMid:18234069

Anand AM, Sistla S, Dhodapkar R, Hamide A, Biswal N, Srinivasan B. Evaluation of NS1 antigen detection for early diagnosis of dengue in a tertiary hospital in Southern India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(4):DC01-4. https://doi.org/10.7860/ jcdr/2016/15758.7562 PMid:27190798

Gurukumar KR, Priyadarshini D, Patil JA, Bhagat A, Singh A, Shah PS, et al. Development of real time PCR for detection and quantitation of dengue viruses. Virol J. 2009;6:10. https://doi. org/10.1186/1743-422x-6-10 PMid:19166574

Lei HY, Yeh TM, Liu HS, Lin YS, Chen SH, Liu CC. Immunopathogenesis of dengue virus infection. J Biomed Sci. 2001;8(5):377-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02255946 PMid:11549879

Fagbami AH, Onoja AB. Dengue haemorrhagic fever: An emerging disease in Nigeria, West Africa. J Infect Public Health. 2018;11(6):757-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2018.04.014 PMid:29706314

Abdel-Magid AF. Viral replication inhibitors may treat the dengue virus infections. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2016;8(1):14-6. https:// doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00513 PMid:28105266

Teoh BT, Sam SS, Tan KK, Johari J, Danlami MB, Hooi PS, et al. Detection of dengue viruses using reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:387. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-387 PMid:23964963

Zhang H, Li W, Wang J, Peng H, Che X, Chen X, et al. NS1- based tests with diagnostic utility for confirming dengue infection: A meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;26:57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.02.002 PMid:24984164

Ferraz FO, Bomfim MR, Totola AH, Ávila TV, Cisalpino D, Pessanha JE, et al. Evaluation of laboratory tests for dengue diagnosis in clinical specimens from consecutive patients with suspected dengue in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. J Clin Virol. 2013;58(1):41-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2013.06.015 PMid:23871166.

Simmons CP, McPherson K, Van Vinh Chau N, Hoai Tam DT, Young P, Mackenzie J, et al. Recent advances in dengue pathogenesis and clinical management. Vaccine. 2015;33(50):7061-8. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.103 PMid:26458808

Ralapanawa U, Alawattegama AT, Gunrathne M. Sampath T, Kularatne SA, Thilak J. Value of peripheral blood count for dengue severity prediction. BMC Res Notes. 2008;11:400. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3505-4

Kuo HJ, Lee IK, Liu JW. Analyses of clinical and laboratory characteristics of dengue adults at their hospital presentations based on the World Health Organization clinical-phase framework: Emphasizing risk of severe dengue in the elderly. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2018;51(6):740-8. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jmii.2016.08.024 PMid:28734676

Chen CH, Huang YC, Kuo KC, Li CC. Clinical features and dynamic ordinary laboratory tests differentiating dengue fever from other febrile illnesses in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2018;51(5):614-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2016.08.018 PMid:28712817