Pancreoprotective Effect of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus, Fabaceae) Fiber against High-Sugar Diet in Mice

Putra Santoso; Rita Maliza; Resti Rahayu; Astri Amelia

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.4528

Authors

Putra Santoso Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University Kampus UNAND Limau Manis Pauh Padang, West Sumatra 25162, Indonesia
Rita Maliza Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Applied Technology, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Resti Rahayu Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University Kampus UNAND Limau Manis Pauh Padang, West Sumatra 25162, Indonesia
Astri Amelia Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University Kampus UNAND Limau Manis Pauh Padang, West Sumatra 25162, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4528

Keywords:

diabetes mellitus, metabolic diseases, glucotoxicity, jicama fiber, pancreatic adiposity

Abstract

AIM: Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus, Fabaceae) has been promoted as a potent tuberous plant exerting both preventive and therapeutic effects against many diseases. In this present study, we aimed to investigate the pancreoprotective effect of isolated jicama fiber (JF) against glucotoxicity caused by high-sugar diet (HSD).

METHODS: We performed an animal experimental research using adult male BALB/c mice with a completely randomized design consisted of four treatments and six replications. The treatments were diet types such as normal diet and HSD, supplemented with 10% and 25% of JF, respectively. The treatments were deployed for 8 weeks. Furthermore, random and fasting blood glucose levels were measured; histopathological alterations of pancreas including pancreatic adiposity, size of islet area, total cell number per islet, and necrosis level of pancreatic acinar cells were examined. Quantitative data were analyzed using an ANOVA followed by Duncan’s new multiple range test (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that supplementation of JF 10% and 25% improved blood glucose profile and significantly reduced inter pancreatic adiposity caused by HSD. Moreover, JF at the dose of 25% effectively sustained normal size of the islet of Langerhans and total cell number of the islet in pancreas of HSD-fed mice. JF 25% was also effective to counteract necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells.

CONCLUSION: Our findings clarify a protective effect of JF, particularly at a dose of 25%, on pancreatic tissues against degeneration caused by HSD. Hence, JF is reliable to be a supplement counteracting the development of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Nursandi F, Machmudi M, Santoso U, Indratmi D. Properties of different aged jicama (Pachyrhizus erozus) plants. IOP Conf Ser. 2017;77:12003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/77/1/012003

Buckman ES, Oduro I, Plahar WA, Tortoe C. Determination of the chemical and functional properties of yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) urban) flour for food systems. Food Sci Nutr. 2017;6(2):457-63. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.574 PMid:29564113

Noman AS, Hoque MA, Haque MM, Pervin F, Karim MR. Nutritional and anti-nutritional components in Pachyrhizus erosus L. Tuber. Food Chem. 2007;102(4):1112-8. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.055

Park CJ, Lee HA, Han JS. Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract increases insulin sensitivity and regulates hepatic glucose in C57BL/Ksj db/db mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2015;58(1):56-63. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.15-59 PMid:26798198

Park CJ, Han JS. Hypoglycemic effect of jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2015;20(2):88-93. https://doi.org/10.3746/ pnf.2015.20.2.88 PMid:26175995

Thaptimthong T, Kasemsuk T, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Platelet inhibitory effects of juices from Pachyrhizus erosus L. root and Psidium guajava L. fruit: A randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16:269. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1255-1 PMid:27488183

Kumalasari ID, Nishi K, Harmayani E, Raharjo S, Sugahara T. Immunomodulatory activity of Bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus) fiber extract in vitro and in vivo. Cytotechnology. 2014;66(1):75-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-013-9539-5 PMid:23361525

Santoso P, Amelia A, Rahayu R. Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) fiber prevents excessive blood glucose and body weight increase without affecting food intake in mice fed with high-sugar diet. J Adv Vet Res Anim Sci. 2019;6(2):222-30. https:// doi.org/10.5455/javar.2019.f336 PMid:31453195

Santoso P, Maliza R, Fadhila Q, Insani SJ. Beneficial effect of Pachyrhizus erosus fiber as a supplemental diet to counteract sugar-induced fatty liver disease. Rom J Diabetes Nutr Metab Dis. 2019;26(4):353-60. https://doi.org/10.2478/ rjdnmd-2019-0038

Dhingra D, Michael M, Rajput H, Patil RT. Dietary fibre in foods: A review. J Food Sci Technol. 2012;49(3):255-66. https://doi. org/10.1007/s13197-011-0365-5 PMid:23729846

Wang ZQ, Yu Y, Zhang XH, Floyd EZ, Bourdreau A, Lian K, Cefalu WT. Comparing the effects of nano-sized sugarcane fiber with cellulose and psyllium on hepatic cellular signaling in mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2012;7:2999-3012. https://doi.org/10.2147/ ijn.s30887 PMid:22787396

Li X, Guo J, Ji K, Zhang P. Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Sci Rep. 2016;6:32953. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32953

Rodríguez RA, Fernández-Bolaños J, Guillén R, Heredia A. Dietary fiber from vegetable products as source of functional ingredients. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2006;17(1):3-15. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.10.002

Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: Mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013;5(4):1417-35. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu5041417 PMid:23609775

Yao L, Wei J, Shi S, Guo K, Wang X, Wang Q, et al. Modified lingguizhugan decoction incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise ameliorates hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):132. https://doi. org/10.1186/s12906-017-1557-y PMid:28241808

Elkotby D, Hassam AK, Emad R, Bahgat I. Histological changes in islets of langerhans of pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats following Egyptian honey bee venom treatments. Int J Pure Appl Zool. 2018;6(1):1-6.

Velickovic KD, Ukropina MM, Glisic RM, Cakic-Milosevic MM. Effects of long-term sucrose overfeeding on rat brown adipose tissue: A structural and immunohistochemical study. J Exp Biol. 2018;221(Pt 9):jeb166538. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.166538 PMid:29496784

Marrif HI, Al-Sunousi SI. Pancreatic β cell mass death. Front Pharmacol. 2016;7:83. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fphar.2016.00083 PMid:27092078

Gasa R, Gomis R, Novials A, Marservitja M. Molecular aspects of glucose regulation of pancreatic β cells. Mol Nutr Diabetes. 2016;11:155-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/ b978-0-12-801585-8.00013-0

Shanik MH, Zu Y, Skrha J, Danker R, Zick Y, Roth J. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia is hyperinsulinemia the cart or the horse? Diabetes Care. 2008;31 Suppl 2:S262-8. https://doi. org/10.2337/dc08-s264

PMid:18227495

Hori M, Mutoh M, Imai T, Nakagama H, Takahashi M. Possible involvement of pancreatic fatty infiltration in pancreatic carcinogenesis. JOP J Pancreas. 2016;17(2):166-75.

Williams JA. Regulation of acinar cell function in the pancreas. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010;26(5):478-83.

PMid:20625287

Pierzynowski SG, Gregory PC, Filip R, Woliński J, Pierzynowska KG. Glucose homeostasis dependency on acini-islet-acinar (AIA) axis communication: A new possible pathophysiological hypothesis regarding diabetes mellitus. Nutr Diabetes. 2018;8:55. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-018-0062-9

Fischer MM, Kessler AM, de Sá LR, Vasconcellos RS, Filho FO, Nogueira SP, et al. Fiber fermentability effects on energy and macronutrient digestibility, fecal parameters, postprandial metabolite responses, and colon histology of overweight

cats. J Anim Sci. 2012;90(7):2233-45. https://doi.org/10.2527/ jas.2011-4334 PMid:22247109

Sukkar AH, Lett AM, Frost G, Chambers ES. Regulation of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation by short chain fatty acids. J Endocrinol. 2019;242(2):R1-8. https://doi.org/10.1530/ joe-19-0098 PMid:31042668

Christiansen CB, Gabe MB, Svendsen B, Dragsted LO, Rosenkilde MM, Holst JJ. The impact of short-chain fatty acids on GLP-1 and PYY secretion from the isolated perfused rat colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2018;315(1):53-65. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2017 PMid:29494208

Huang W, Guo HL, Deng X, Zhu TT, Xiong JF, Xu YH, et al. Short-chain fatty acids inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation in mesangial cells induced by high glucose and lipopolysaccharide. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2017;125(2):98-105. https://doi. org/10.1055/s-0042-121493 PMid:28049222

Wang J, Wang H. Oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cell regeneration. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:1930261. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1930261 PMid:28845211