Public Health Risk Assessment Due to Air Pollution in the Temir District of the Aktobe Region

Laura Sakebayeva; Valentina Sabyrakhmetova; Gulsim Karashova; Perizat Aitmaganbet; Kulyan Shayakhmetova

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.4662

Authors

Laura Sakebayeva Department of Hygienic Disciplines with Occupational Diseases, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan, Asia
Valentina Sabyrakhmetova Department of Hygienic Disciplines with Occupational Diseases, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan, Asia
Gulsim Karashova Department of Hygienic Disciplines with Occupational Diseases, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan, Asia
Perizat Aitmaganbet Department of Hygienic Disciplines with Occupational Diseases, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan, Asia
Kulyan Shayakhmetova Department of Hygienic Disciplines with Occupational Diseases, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan, Asia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4662

Keywords:

air pollution, non-carcinogenic risk, carcinogenic risk, children, adults

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This article focuses on the health risk assessment associated with air pollution for the population of the Temir district in the Aktobe region. The risk assessment of the effects of air pollution on public health revealed a tendency to deterioration in the health indicators of the children’s population.

AIM: The research object was the population of the Temir district living near the oil and gas field Zhanazhol.

METHODS: The work was carried out according to the risk assessment methodology described in the manual R 2.1.10-1920-04. The maximum non-carcinogenic risk due to exposure to chemicals in the air basin of residential areas was established for children from 0 to 6 years of age in the Temir district.

RESULTS: A high risk of respiratory, blood, and cardiovascular diseases was observed. Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and carbon oxides contained in atmospheric air contribute to the risk of developing these diseases. The levels of carcinogenic risk to public health in the Temir district show that the maximum individual risk of oncological diseases is observed in the group of children. The risk of malignant neoplasms in adolescents is 1.2 times lower, in the male population – 1.4 times lower, on average, and in the female population – 1.3 times lower than in children. Public health risk analysis aims to select the best ways in a particular situation to eliminate or reduce risk associated with air pollution for the population.

CONCLUSION: The methodology of a comprehensive health risk analysis is a promising and developing approach in the system of monitoring the quality of the human environment and assessing environmental hazards.

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