Social Stigma toward Health Workers Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019

Muhammad Faris; Muhammad Reza Arifianto

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.4917

Authors

Muhammad Faris Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine – Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
Muhammad Reza Arifianto Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine – Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4917

Keywords:

COVID-19, Healthcare Workers, Stigma

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic, which classifies the outbreak as an international emergency. This disease has been confirmed as the first pandemic in 21^stcentury. Healthcare workers on the front line who are directly involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19 are at risk of being stigmatized.

AIM: This study was a review.

METHODS: This study was conducted by conducting analytic appraisal using published journals and sources through an electronic database.

RESULTS: From cases in Indonesia and other countries, there’s bunch of examples that healthcare workers being negatively stigmatized in case of COVID-19. They lost their rights to have a normal life in this pandemic era.

DISCUSSION: The government itself has actually promoted socialization about COVID-19, including the importance of mutual support and assistance including morally and psychosocially for the sufferers and health workers involved. However, negative stigma for health workers and patients and their families suffering from COVID-19 remains strongly attached until nowadays. Synergy between the central government, regional governments, community leaders, and referral hospital officials are certainly important to overcome this stigma problem, in addition to promoting education in the community.

CONCLUSION: Synergy among the central government, regional governments, community leaders, and referral hospital officials is certainly important to overcome this stigma problem, in addition to promoting education in the communit

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Link BG, Phelan JC. Conceptualizing stigma. Annu Rev Soc 2001;27:363-85. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363

Nyblade L, Stockton MA, Giger K, Bond V, Ekstrand ML, Mc Lean R, et al. Stigma in health facilities: Why it matters and how we can change it. BMC Med. 2019;17:25. PMid:30764806

Nyblade L, Stangl A, Weiss E, Ashburn K. Combating HIV stigma in health care settings: What works? J Int AIDS Soc. 2009;12:15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-12-15 PMid:19660113

Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:727-33.

Shereen MA, Khan S, Kazmi A, Bashir N, Siddique R. COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. J Adv Res. 2020;24:91-8. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005

Statement on the Second Meeting of the International Health Regulations. Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV); 2005. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations- (2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-no¬vel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). [Last accessed on 2020 Jul 14]. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020013

World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19 11 March 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. [Last accessed on 2020 Jul 14]. https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u20123

Mas-Coma S, Jones MK, Marty AM. COVID-19 and globalization. One Health 2020;9:100132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. onehlt.2020.100132

UNESCO. COVID-19-Related Discrimination and Stigma: A Global Phenomenon? Available from: https://www.en.unesco. org/news/covid-19-related-discrimination-and-stigma-global-phenomenon. [Last accessed on 2020 Jul 14]. https://doi. org/10.31234/osf.io/qpbj7

Hou T, Zhang T, Cai W, Song X, Chen A, Deng G, et al. Social support and mental health among health care workers during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model. PLoS One 2020;15:e0233831. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0233831

Atika S. Stigma, Precarity Deter Indonesians from Getting Tested for COVID-19 National the Jakarta Post. Available from: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/07/08/stigma-precarity-deter-indonesians-from-getting-tested-for-covid-19. html. [Last accessed on 2020 Jul 14].

Dunn LB, Hammond KA, Roberts LW. Delaying care, avoiding stigma: Residents’ attitudes toward obtaining personal health care. Acad Med. 2009;84:242-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/ acm.0b013e31819397e2 PMid:19174679

Fischer LS, Mansergh G, Lynch J, Santibanez S. Addressing disease-related stigma during infectious disease outbreaks. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2019;13:989-94. https://doi. org/10.1017/dmp.2018.157 PMid:31156079

Djalante R, Lassa J, Setiamarga D, Sudjatma A, Indrawan M, Haryanto B, et al. Review and analysis of current responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020. Prog Disaster Sci. 2020;6:100091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pdisas.2020.100091

Liao Q, Yuan J, Dong M, Yang L, Fielding R, Wing W, et al. Public engagement and government responsiveness in the communications about COVID-19 during the early epidemic stage in China: Infodemiology study on social media data. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22:e18796. https://doi.org/10.2196/18796