Efficacy of Neuroprotection from Curcumin through Heat Shock Protein 70 Induction in Traumatic Brain Injury – Rat Model

Suzy Indharty; Iskandar Japardi; Steven Tandean; Andre M. P. Siahaan; Michael Lumintang Loe; Wibi Riawan

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.4933

Authors

Suzy Indharty Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Iskandar Japardi Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Steven Tandean Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Andre M. P. Siahaan Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Michael Lumintang Loe Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4950-7104
Wibi Riawan Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4933

Keywords:

Curcumin, Traumatic brain injury, AIF, HSP 70, Caspase 3

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common problem that caused morbidity and mortality in the world. Secondary brain injury is a complex cascade that causes brain cell apoptosis. Curcumin is a natural product that has neuroprotective properties.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin toward heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) expression against the expression apoptosis marker (apoptosis-inducing factor [AIF], caspase-3, and TUNEL assay) in brain tissue after TBI.

METHODS: Thirty-three Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into three treatment groups, that is, sham-operated controls, closed head trauma (CHT), and CHT with curcumin extract (treatment group). In the treatment group, curcumin was given 500 mg/kg per oral for 7 days, then brain tissues were investigated (marker AIF, caspase-3, TUNEL assay, and HSP 70) through immunohistochemistry. Statistical test using one-way ANOVA test and Tukey honestly significant difference as post hoc test.

RESULTS: The mean of positive AIF stained cells in Group A was 5.36 ± 2.11, Group B was 12.82 ± 1.40, and Group C was 3.82 ± 1.40, with a significant difference of AIF expression between Groups C and B (p < 0.05). Mean of positive caspase-3 stained cells in Group A was 5.45 ± 2.30, Group B was 13.82 ± 2.44, and Group C was 3.82 ± 1.54, with a significant difference of caspase-3 expression between Groups C and B (p < 0.05). Mean of positive TUNEL assay stained cells in Group A was 4.82 ± 2.04, Group B was 11.55 ± 1.51, and Group C was 3.55 ± 1.70, with a significant difference between Groups C and B (p < 0.05). Mean of positive HSP 70 stained cells in Group A was 6.82 ± 2.14, Group B was 3.91 ± 2.26, and Group C was 10.27 ± 2.45 with a significant difference of HSP 70 expression distribution within groups (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Curcumin may protect brain cells from apoptosis after close head trauma by upregulated HSP 70 expression.

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