Pivotal Role of Both TNF-α 238G/A and TCF7L2 C/T Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes: Pivotal role of both TNFÎ± 238G/A and TCF7L2 C/T gene polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes

Sahar H. El Hini; Amira Taha Zaki Ahmed; Eglal MS. Hamed; Yehia Z. Mahmoud; Amel Mahmoud Kamal Eldin; Hend M. Abdelghany

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.5008

Authors

Sahar H. El Hini Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Minia School of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
Amira Taha Zaki Ahmed Department of Internal Medicine, Minia School of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
Eglal MS. Hamed Department of Internal Medicine, Minia School of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
Yehia Z. Mahmoud Department of Internal Medicine, Minia School of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
Amel Mahmoud Kamal Eldin Department of Clinical Pathology, Minia School of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
Hend M. Abdelghany Department of Biochemistry, Minia School of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5008

Keywords:

Type 2 diabetes, Prediabetes, Genes, Insulin resistance, TNF-α G/A 238, TCF7L2 C/T gene polymorphisms

Abstract

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies in the promoter region of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α (238)) have suggested its role in increased insulin resistance and also in the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It has been reported that genetic variations in the promoter region regulate TNF-α production and transcription, and they influence susceptibility to inflammatory-related diseases. Impairment of normal functioning of the β-cells of pancreatic islets is one of the main causative factors for the suppression of insulin secretion. TNF-α is among the main stimuli that induce the inflammation in pancreatic islets which lead to the induction of apoptosis in β-cells of pancreatic islets. Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene has been found to be one of the most risky genes for prediabetes and progression toT2DM. However, the underlying mechanism of this is still unknown. This is a review article demonstrating the possible mechanisms of both TNF-α G/A 238 and TCF7L2 C/T gene polymorphisms in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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