Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 Who Died in Modarres Hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5013Keywords:
COVID-19, Clinical display, Symptoms, Novel coronavirusAbstract
BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV2 as a century concern affecting public health.
AIM: This study aimed to find the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients died following COVID-19 development at Modarres Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 62 patients died following COVID-19 were studied in terms of age, gender, body mass index, comorbidity, symptoms, liver profile, lipid profile, hemoglobin, platelet, white blood cell, lymphocytes, neutrophils, C-reaction protein, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), potassium, magnesium, and sodium.
RESULTS: The results showed that 71% of patients were male and 69.4% had positive PCR test indicating low sensitivity of the test; 90.3% of patients were above 60 years old; 56.5 of patients had lymphocytopenia; the mean age was 67.62 ± 15.07 years; with symptoms lasting 6.24 days. The mean serum creatinine and BUN were 3.18 g/dl and 125.9 mg/dl, respectively, indicating renal involvement. All patients had pulmonary involvement accompanied by other organ involvements. Regarding symptoms, 72% of patients showed fever. Some affected patients had diarrhea, lethargy, and fatigue. A comparison of comorbidities by gender showed no significant differences.
CONCLUSION: According to our results, the majority of patients were overweight. In people who are more than 60 years, multi-organ failure was notable. Fever, cough, and shortness of breath were dominant symptoms like other studies, but neurological complications following COVID-19 as meningoencephalitis is possible that can be used as a differential diagnosis. We did not found differences between male and female regarding comorbidity, symptoms, and mortality rate.
Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Bogoch II, Watts A, Thomas-Bachli A, Huber C, Kraemer MU, Khan K. Pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China: Potential for international spread via commercial air travel. J Travel Med. 2020;27(2):taaa008. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/ taaa008 PMid:31943059
Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):401-2. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25678 PMid:31950516
Mackenzie JS, Smith DW. COVID-19: A novel zoonotic disease caused by a coronavirus from China: What we know and what we don’t. Microbiol Aust. 2020;41:MA20013. https://doi. org/10.1071/ma20013 PMid:32226946
Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature. 2020;579(7798):265-9. PMid:32015508
Zhao S, Lin Q, Ran J, Musa SS, Yang G, Wang W, et al. Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;92:214-7. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.23.916395 PMid:32007643
Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME); 2020. Available from: http://www.corona.behdasht.gov.ir/files/ site1/files/Factsheet_4._26.12_-_En.pdf. [Last accessed on 2020 Apr 15].
World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) Situation Report-101. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/ coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200430-sitrep-101-covid-19. pdf?sfvrsn=2ba4e093_2. [Last accessed on 2020 Apr 30]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101068
Wang W, Tang J, Wei F. Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):441-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25689 PMid:31994742
Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1199-207. PMid:31995857
Valizadeh R, Baradaran A, Mirzazadeh A, Bhaskar LV. Coronavirus-nephropathy; renal involvement in COVID-19. J Renal Inj Prev. 2020;9(2):e18. https://doi.org/10.34172/ jrip.2020.18
Dadashzadeh N, Farshid S, Valizadeh R, Nanbakhsh M, Rahimi MM. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 disease. Immunopathol Persa. 2020;6(2):e16. https://doi. org/10.34172/ipp.2020.16
Valizadeh R, Dadashzadeh N, Zakeri R, James Kellner S, Rahimi MM. Drug therapy in hospitalized patients with very severe symptoms following COVID-19. J Nephropharmacol. 2020;9(2):e21. https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2020.21
Mubarak M, Nasri N. COVID-19 nephropathy; an emerging condition caused by novel coronavirus infection. J Nephropathol. 2020;9(3):e21. https://doi.org/10.34172/jnp.2020.21
Lotfi B, Farshid S, Dadashzadeh N, Valizadeh R, Rahimi MM. Is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with renal involvement? A review of century infection. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2020;13(4):e102899. https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.102899
Fortarezza F, Pezzuto F. COVID-19 nephropathy: What could pathologist say? J Nephropathol. 2020;9(4):e32. https://doi. org/10.34172/jnp.2020.32
Rasmussen SA, Smulian JC, Lednicky JA, Wen TS, Jamieson DJ. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: What obstetricians need to know. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222:415-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017 PMid:32105680
Dolatian M, Mahmoodi Z, Alavi-Majd H, Moafi F, Ghorbani M, Mirabzadeh A. Psychosocial factors in pregnancy and birthweight: Path analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2016;42(7):822-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.12991 PMid:27098096
Mahmoodi Z, Karimlou M, Sajjadi H, Dejman M, Vameghi M. Development of mother’s lifestyle scale during pregnancy with an approach to social determinants of health. Glob J Health Sci. 2013;5(3):208-19. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v5n3p208 PMid:23618491
Dolatian M, Mirabzadeh A, Forouzan AS, Sajjadi H, Alavimajd H, Mahmoodi Z, et al. Relationship between structural and intermediary determinants of health and preterm delivery. J Reprod Infertil. 2014;15(2):78-86. PMid:24918080
Ghelichi-Ghojogh M, Allah Kalteh E, Fararooei M. Coronavirus disease 2019; epidemiology and recommendations. J Prev Epidemiol. 2020;5(1):e01. https://doi.org/10.34172/jpe.2020.01
Forouzesh M, Rahimi A, Valizadeh R, Dadashzadeh N, Mirzazadeh A. Clinical display, diagnostics and genetic implication of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(8):4607-15. PMid:32374001
Fu L, Wang B, Yuan T, Chen X, Ao Y, Fitzpatrick T, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;80(6):656-65. PMid:32283155
Colaneri M, Sacchi P, Zuccaro V, Biscarini S, Sachs M, Roda S, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early findings from a teaching hospital in Pavia, North Italy, 21 to 28 February 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(16):2000460. https:// doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.16.2000460 PMid:32347201
Baymakova M, Popov GT. COVID-19: A review of part of the international experience. Med Rev (Sofia). 2020;56(3):5-13.
Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region, Italy. JAMA. 2020;323(16):1574-81. https:// doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5394 PMid:32250385
Daneshfar M, Dadashzadeh N, Ahmadpour M, Ragati Haghi H, Rahmani V, Forouzesh M, et al. Lessons of mortality following COVID-19 epidemic in the United States especially in the geriatrics. J Nephropharmacol. 2021;10(1):e06. https://doi. org/10.34172/npj.2021.06
Jahromi AH, Mahmoudi H. Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection; an oversimplification of a complex issue. J Prev Epidemiol. 2020;5(1):e04. https://doi.org/10.34172/ jpe.2020.04
Jiang G, Ren X, Liu Y, Chen H, Liu W, Guo Z, et al. Application and Optimization of RT-PCR in Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. New York: medRxiv; 2020. Available from: https:// www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.20027755v2. [Last accessed on 2020 Mar 22].
Ritter S. The absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) is a significant clue for immune deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143(2):AB115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.348
Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, Xu KJ, Ying LJ, Ma CL, et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series. BMJ. 2020;368:m792. https://doi. org/10.1136/bmj.m792 PMid:32075786
Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson KW, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with Covid-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2052-9. https:// doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6775 PMid:32320003
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. https://doi. org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Rohollah Valizadeh (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
