A Review on Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Current Scenario of Bangladesh

Authors

  • Niuz Morshed Khan Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
  • Nirmal Chandra Barman Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5171

Keywords:

Bangladesh, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Disease-19, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Potential treatments, SERS

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 outbreak was the first time experienced in Wuhan City, China, at the end of December 2019 which spreads rapidly in China and then worldwide approximately all countries of America, Europe, Australia, and Asia including Bangladesh. There are more than 1,039,135 mortalities and 35,207,771 people have been affected globally until October 4, 2020, and the figure is still increasing. The global information on the COVID-19 case was collected from a reliable database (worldometers.info) and domestic information was taken from the government circulating websites and analyzed. Different steps have been taken to control the COVID-19 worldwide. Even with few resources, Bangladesh also has taken rigorous measures such as designed special hospitals, laboratories, quarantine facilities, social distance awareness campaigns, and lockdown to control the spreading of the virus. As Bangladesh is an overpopulated country and vast population lives under the poverty line, it was difficult to maintain a strict lockdown to curb the COVID-19. In this study, we have focused the government efforts to combat this deadly pneumonia and presented recent situations and challenges of Bangladesh. We compiled general treatments, COVID-19 specific treatments, and antiviral treatments should be prescribed in fighting COVID-19. We suggest certain nutritional elements and natural products which can boost up the immunity of individuals and protect from the infection of this virus. The review was undertaken to synopsis the recent conditions, challenges of Bangladesh arise after the COVID-19 pandemic and summarize certain possible intervention options for management of COVID-19.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Banerjee A, Kulcsar K, Misra V, Frieman M, Mossman K. Bats and coronaviruses. Viruses. 2019;11(1):41. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11010041 PMid:30634396

Schoema D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: Current knowledge. Virol J. 2019;16(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-019-1182-0 PMid:31133031

Singhal T. A Review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87:281-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6 PMid:32166607

Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol. 2020;92(5):479-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25707 PMid:32052466

Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, Rocklöv J. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. J Travel Med. 2020;27:taaa021. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa021 PMid:32052846

Thompson R. Pandemic potential of 2019-nCoV. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(3):280. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30068-2 PMid:32043978

Richman DD, Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, editors. Clinical Virology. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons; 2016.

Wang LS, Wang YR, Ye DW, Liu QQ. A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) based on current evidence. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55:105948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105948 PMid:32201353

Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Krüger N, Mueller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S. 2020. The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-Coronavirus Receptor ACE2 and the Cellular Protease TMPRSS2 for Entry into Target Cells. BioRxiv; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.31.929042

Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Abiona O, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020;67(6483):1260-3. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2507 PMid:32075877

Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):970-1. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001468 PMid:32003551

Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, Steinmann E. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents. J Hosp Infect. 2020;104(3):246-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022 PMid:32035997

Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8

Fehr AR, Perlman S. Coronaviruses: An Overview of their Replication and Pathogenesis. New York: Coronaviruses Humana Press; 2015. p. 1-23.

van Boheemen S, de Graaf M, Lauber C, Bestebroer TM, Raj VS, Zaki AM, et al. Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. MBio. 2012;3(6):e00473-12. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00473-12 PMid:23170002

Raj VS, Mou H, Smits SL, Dekkers DH, Müller MA, Dijkman R, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC. Nature. 2013;495(7440):251-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12415 PMid:23486063

Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature. 2020;579(7798):265-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3

Xu X, Chen P, Wang J, Feng J, Zhou H, Li X, et al. Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(3):457-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1637-5 PMid:32009228

Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. J Virol. 2020;94(7):127. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00127-20

Turner AJ, Hiscox JA, Hooper NM. ACE2: From vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2004;25(6):291-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2004.04.001 PMid:15165741

Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research. Available from: https://www.iedcr.gov.bd. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 05].

Worldometer. Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic; 2020. Available from: http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 05].

Sanche S, Lin YT, Xu C, Romero-Severson E, Hengartner NW, Ke R. The Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, is Highly Contagious and more Infectious than Initially Estimated. arXiv; 2002. p. 03268.

Islam MM, Nuzhath T. Health risks of Rohingya refugee population in Bangladesh: A call for global attention. J. Glob. Health. 2018;8(2):020309. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.08.020309 PMid:30410735

Emon EK, Alif AR, Islam MS. Impact of COVID-19 on the Institutional Education System and its Associated Students in Bangladesh. Asian J Educ Soc Stud. 2020;11(2):34-46. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2020/v11i230288

TBS News. Here Comes the Pay Chop. Tokyo, Japan: TBS News; 2020.

The Business Standard. Covid-19 making things worse for Children; 2020. Available from: https://www.tbsnews.net/feature/panorama/covid-19-making-things-worsechildren-92254. [Last accessed on 2020 Aug 01].

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2020. Available from: http://www.mohfw.gov.bd. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 05].

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; 2020. http://www.203.112.218.65:8008. [Last accessed on 2020 Jun 30].

Prothomalo-English. No COVID-19 Testing Labs in 43 Districts. https://www.en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/no-covid-19-testing-labs-in-43-districts. [Last accessed on 2020 Jul 07].

Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR). Covid-19 Status for Bangladesh. Available from: https://www.iedcr.gov.bd/index.php/component/content/article/73-ncov-2019. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 04].

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Population and Housing Census 2011-National. Vol. 2. Dhaka: Union Statistics; 2015. Available from: http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/NationalReports/UnionStatistics.pdf. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 04].

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Slum Census and Floating Population, Dhaka; 2014. Available from: http://www.203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/Slum/FloatingPopulation2014.pdf. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 04].

Latif MB, Irin A, Ferdaus J. Socio-economic and health status of slum dwellers of the Kalyanpur slum in Dhaka city. Bangladesh J Sci Res. 2016;29:73-83. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v29i1.29760

Arias-Granada Y, Haque SS, Joseph G, Yanez-Pagans M. Water and Sanitation in Dhaka Slums: Access, Quality, and Informality in Service Provision. Washington, DC: The World Bank; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8552

Kamruzzaman M. Coronavirus Fear Grips Rohingya Camps in Bangladesh. Ankara, Turkey: Anadolu Agency; 2020. Available from: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asiapacific/coronavirus-feargrips-rohingya-camps-in-bangladesh/1764588. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 04].

Chan PK, Tang JW, Hui DS. SARS: Clinical presentation, transmission, pathogenesis and treatment options. Clin Sci. 2006;110(2):193-204. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20050188 PMid:16411895

Yang Y, Lu Q, Liu M, Wang Y, Zhang A, Jalali N, et al. Epidemiological and Clinical Features of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China. MedRxiv; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.10.20021675

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7 PMid:32007143

Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, He Q, Chang J, Hong C, et al. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective case series study. JAMA Neurol 2020;77(6):683-90. PMid:32275288

Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, et al. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A report of 1014 cases. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E32-40. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200642 PMid:32101510

Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Resp Med. 2020;8(4):420-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X PMid:32085846

Wong KT, Antonio GE, Hui DS, Lee N, Yuen EH, Wu A, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome: Radiographic appearances and pattern of progression in 138 patients. Radiology. 2003;228(2):401-6. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2282030593 PMid:12759474

Wan S, Yi Q, Fan S, Lv J, Zhang X, Guo L, et al. Characteristics of Lymphocyte Subsets and Cytokines in Peripheral Blood of 123 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP). MedRxiv; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.10.20021832

Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, Lofy KH, Wiesman J, Bruce H, et al. First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):929-36. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001191 PMid:32004427

Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends. 2020;14:72-73. https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2020.01047 PMid:32074550

Boriskin YS, Leneva IA, Pecheur EI, Polyak SJ. Arbidol: A broad-spectrum antiviral compound that blocks viral fusion. Cur Med Chem. 2008;15(10):997-1005. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986708784049658 PMid:18393857

Khamitov RA, Loginova S, Shchukina VN, Borisevich SV, Maksimov VA, Shuster AM. Antiviral activity of arbidol and its derivatives against the pathogen of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the cell cultures. Vopr Virusol. 2008;53(4):9-13. PMid:18756809

Lu H. Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Biosci Trends. 2020;14(1):69-71. https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2020.01020 PMid:31996494

Lu HT, Yang JC, Yuan ZC, Sheng WH, Yan WH. Effect of combined treatment of Shuanghuanglian and recombinant interferon alpha 2a on coxsackievirus B3 replication in vitro. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2000;25(11):682-4. PMid:12525074

Chen X, Howard OZ, Yang X, Wang L, Oppenheim JJ, Krakauer T. Effects of Shuanghuanglian and Qingkailing, two multi-components of traditional Chinese medicinal preparations, on human leukocyte function. Life Sci. 2002;70(24):2897-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01541-2 PMid:12269401

Loutfy MR, Blatt LM, Siminovitch KA, Ward S, Wolff B, Lho H, et al. Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: A preliminary study. JAMA. 2003;290(24):3222-8. PMid:14693875

Mustafa S, Balkhy H, Gabere MN. Current treatment options and the role of peptides as potential therapeutic components for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): A review. J Infect Public Health. 2018;11(1):9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.009 PMid:28864360

Kumar V, Jung YS, Liang PH. Anti-SARS coronavirus agents: A patent review (2008-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2013;23(10):1337-48. https://doi.org/10.1517/13543776.2013.823159 PMid:23905913

Mair-Jenkins J, Saavedra-Campos M, Baillie JK, Cleary P, Khaw FM, Lim WS, et al. The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: A systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(1):80-90. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu396 PMid:25030060

Soo YO, Cheng Y, Wong R, Hui DS, Lee CK, Tsang KK, et al. Retrospective comparison of convalescent plasma with continuing high-dose methylprednisolone treatment in SARS patients. Clin Microbial Infect. 2004;10(7):676-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00956.x PMid:15214887

Khan MN, Sarker MS. A review of coronavirus 2019 (covid-19), a life threating disease all over the world. World Cancer Res J. 2020;7:e1586. https://doi.org/10.32113/wcrj_20205_1586

Lim CC, Tan CS, Kaushik M, Tan HK. Initiating acute dialysis at earlier acute kidney injury network stage in critically ill patients without traditional indications does not improve outcome: A prospective cohort study. Nephrology. 2015;20(3):148-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.12364 PMid:25395245

Trottier C, Colombo M, Mann KK, Miller WH Jr., Ward BJ. Retinoids inhibit measles virus through a Type I IFN-dependent bystander effect. Faseb J. 2009;23(9):3203-12. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.09-129288 PMid:19447880

Hemila H. Vitamin C and SARS coronavirus. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;52(6):1049-1050. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh002.

Hemilä H. Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997;16:836-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199709000-00003 PMid:9306475

Cai C, Koch B, Morikawa K, Suda G, Sakamoto N, Rueschenbaum S, et al. Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles induce long-lasting immunity against hepatitis C virus which is blunted by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Front Immunol. 2018;9:723. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00723 PMid:29706960

Te Velthuis AJ, van den Worm SH, Sims AC, Baric RS, Snijder EJ, van Hemert MJ. Zn2+ inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(11):e1001176. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176 PMid:21079686

Rodríguez-Morales AJ, MacGregor K, Kanagarajah S, Patel D, Schlagenhauf P. Going global-travel and the 2019 novel coronavirus. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;33:101578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101578 PMid:32044389

Praditya D, Kirchhoff L, Brüning J, Rachmawati H, Steinmann J, Steinmann E. Anti-infective properties of the golden spice curcumin. Front Microbiol. 2019;3(10):912. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00912 PMid:31130924

Abdollahi E, Momtazi AA, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic effects of curcumin in inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases: A nature-made jack-of-all-trades? J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(2):830-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25778 PMid:28059453

Mollazadeh H, Cicero AF, Blesso CN, Pirro M, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Immune modulation by curcumin: The role of interleukin-10. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(1):89-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1358139 PMid:28799796

Sahebkar A. Molecular mechanisms for curcumin benefits against ischemic injury. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(5):e75-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.1071 PMid:20797714

Chen TY, Chen DY, Wen HW, Ou JL, Chiou SS, Chen JM, et al. Inhibition of enveloped viruses infectivity by curcumin. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e62482. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062482 PMid:23658730

Utomo RY, Meiyanto E. Revealing the potency of citrus and galangal constituents to Halt SARS-CoV-2 infection. Preprints. 2020;2020:030214. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0214.v1

Chen CH, Chou TW, Cheng LH, Ho CW. In vitro antiadenoviral activity of five Allium plants. J Taiwan Inst Chem E. 2011;42(2):228-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2010.07.011

Sharma N. Efficacy of garlic and onion against virus. Int J Res Pharm Sci. 2019;10(4):3578-86. https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1738

Castrillo JL, Carrasco LU. Action of 3-methylquercetin on poliovirus RNA replication. J Virol. 1987;61(10):3319-21. https://doi.0022-538X/87/103319-03$02.00/0 PMid:2442414

Vrijsen R, Everaert L, Van Hoof LM, Vlietinck AJ, Berghe DV, Boeye A. The poliovirus-induced shut-off of cellular protein synthesis persists in the presence of 3-methylquercetin, a flavonoid which blocks viral protein and RNA synthesis. Antivir Res. 1987;7(1):35-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-3542(87)90037-4

Zandi K, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Wong PF, Mustafa MR, Abubakar S. Antiviral activity of four types of bioflavonoid against dengue virus Type-2. Virol J. 2011;8(1):560. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-560 PMid:22201648

Kumar S, Pandey AK. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: An overview. Sci World J. 2013;2013:162750. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/162750 PMid:24470791

Fenwick GR, Hanley AB, Whitaker JR. The genus Allium-part 1. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1985;22(3):199-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398509527415 PMid:3902370

Shojai TM, Langeroudi AG, Karimi V, Barin A, Sadri N. The effect of Allium sativum (Garlic) extract on infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free embryonic egg. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2016;6(4):458. PMid:27516987

Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO, Nemmar A. Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): A review of recent research. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46(2):409-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085

Tiwari V, Darmani NA, Yue BY, Shukla D. In vitro antiviral activity of neem (Azardirachta indica L.) bark extract against herpes simplex virus Type-1 infection. Phytother Res. 2010;24(8):1132-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3085 PMid:17950516

Pooladanda V, Thatikonda S, Bale S, Pattnaik B, Sigalapalli DK, Bathini NB, et al. Nimbolide protects against endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting TNF-α mediated NF-κB and HDAC-3 nuclear translocation. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10(2):17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-1247-9

Pooladanda V, Thatikonda S, Godugu C. The current understanding and potential therapeutic options to combat COVID-19. Life Sci. 2020;8:117765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117765 PMid:32437797

Khan MN, Islam KK, Ashraf A, Barman NC. A review on genome editing by Crispr-Cas9 technique for cancer treatment. World Cancer Res J. 2020;7:E1510. https://doi:10.32113/wcrj_20203_1510

Wessels HH, Méndez-Mancilla A, Guo X, Legut M, Daniloski Z, Sanjana NE. Massively parallel Cas13 screens reveal principles for guide RNA design. Nat Biotechnol. 2020;38:722-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0456-9 PMid:32518401

Zhou Y, Wang F, Tang J, Nussinov R, Cheng F. Artificial intelligence in COVID-19 drug repurposing. Lancet Digit Health. 2020;2020:30192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30192-8

TBS Report. Bangladesh Likely to Start Using Remdesivir by May 20, Vaccine Trial Starts in June; 2020. Available from: https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/health/remdesivir-beused-covid-19-patients-within-may-20-vaccine-trial-startjune-78631. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 03].

The Pharma Letter. Beximco Partners on Making Potential COVID-19 Therapy Favipiravir; 2020. Available from: https://www.thepharmaletter.com/article/beximco-partners-on-makingpotential-covid-19-therapy-favipiravir. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 03].

Hondustan Times. Bangladesh Launches Clinical Trial of Twodrug Combination to Treat Covid-19; 2020. Available from: https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/bangladeshlaunches-clinical-trial-of-two-drug-combination-to-treatcovid-19/story-h4hzHmF9UWPwcWTTE9seCM.html. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 03].

Bhuyan MA, Al Mahtab M, Ashab E, Haque MJ, Hoque SM, Huq AF, et al. Treatment of COVID-19 Patients at a Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2020;10(1):27-30. https://doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1317 PMid:32742969

Rukh L, Nafees M. The Use of Home Remedies for Covid-19 in Pakistan: A Review. Preprint; 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342052411_The_use_of_home_remedies_for_covid-19_in_pakistan_a_review. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 10].

Azam MN, Al Mahamud R, Hasan A, Jahan R, Rahmatullah M. Some home remedies used for treatment of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. J Med Plants Stud. 2020;8(4):27-32.

Bano N, Ahmed A, Tanveer M, Khan GM, Ansari MT. Pharmacological evaluation of Ocimum sanctum. J Bioequivalence Bioavailab. 2017;9(3):387-492. https://doi:10.4172/jbb.1000330

Rezatofighi SE, Ebrahimian M, Lordifar P, Mehravar N, Seyednejad SM. Antiviral activity of Citrus limon, Matricaria recutita L., Allium ascalonicum L., and Rosa damascene against Newcastle disease virus. Vet Res. 2004;10(28):1-8.

Bhardwaj VK, Singh R, Sharma J, Rajendran V, Purohit R, Kumar S. Identification of bioactive molecules from Tea plant as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. J Biomol Struc Dyn. 2020;2020:1-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1766572

Downloads

Published

2020-10-15

How to Cite

1.
Khan NM, Barman NC. A Review on Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Current Scenario of Bangladesh. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2020 Oct. 15 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];8(T1):314-2. Available from: https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/5171