Human Vaccines and Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: Clinical Manifestation, Treatment, and Prevention

Vina Yuwanda

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.5246

Authors

Vina Yuwanda Department of Ophthalmology, Murni Teguh Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5246

Keywords:

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus, Shingles

Abstract

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a reactivation of HZ virus that is latent in ophthalmic division of trigeminal ganglion. Patients over 50 years old, premature infant, pregnancy woman, receiving immunosuppressive agents, and malignancies are at risk of having HZO. Ocular manifestations of HZ are ectropion, entropion, ectopic eyelash, keratitis, conjunctivitis, symblepharon, hypoesthesia, episcleritis, scleritis, scleral atrophy and thinning, uveitis, iris atrophy, posterior synechiae, acute retinal necrosis, progressive outer retinal necrosis, retinal detachment, retina atrophy, optic neuritis, optic atrophy, and strabismus. Polymerase chain reaction, antigen detection, and antibody detection can help to confirm diagnosis. Pharmacology treatments for HZ ophthalmicus are antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, analgesics, tricyclic antidepressants, and antiepileptic drug. Non-pharmacology therapies are scleral contact lens, phototherapeutic keratectomy, photorefractive keratectomy, and penetrating keratoplasty. There are two kinds of vaccination which can be given to patients: Live-attenuated varicella zoster vaccine and recombinant zoster vaccine. It is recommended by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Food and Drugs Administration to use recombinant zoster vaccine by 50 years old.

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