The Prevalence of Myeloproliferative Disorders in A Group of Iraqi Patients And Its Relation To Blood Indices Parameters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5284Keywords:
MPN, CML, meylofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia veraAbstract
AIM: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of myeloproliferative disorders in a sample of Iraqi patients and to measure the changes in patients’ blood parameters.
BACKGROUND: Myeloproliferative disorders are a group of neoplasms affecting the bone marrow progenitor cells characterized by excess cells with a risk of transforming to acute leukemia. There is a gap in knowledge about the prevalence of Iraqi population. Thus, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of different types of myeloproliferative disorders in a sample of Iraqi patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study is done at the National Center of Hematology from November 2019 till March 2020 on 75 patients who were diagnosed by a specialist hematopathologist to have one subtype of myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). Blood samples were taken from them and analyzed to get complete blood count, blood film, bone marrow aspirate, and biopsy that were analyzed for each patient. Blood samples were taken from them and analyzed in terms of blood indices, which include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
RESULTS: The 75 patients were found to be comprising 35 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients (46.7%), myelofibrosis 22 patients (29.3%), essential thrombocythemia (ET) 9 patients (12%), and polycythemia vera (PV) 9 patients (12%). In terms of male/female ratios, they were as follows: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) male-to-female ratio is 1.2, CML= 0.94, myelofibrosis= 2.14 and ET= 0.5 and PV male-to-female ratio is 2.
CONCLUSIONS : MPN male-to-female ratio in Iraq, which is 1.2, CML is the most common subtype. Regarding myelofibrosis, in our study, the male-to-female ratio is 2.14, which is much higher other countries. This could be attributed to high exposure to benzene and toluene which are well known to be causative agents for myelofibrosis. Regarding ET or PV, the male-to-female ratios were compatible with other countries.
Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Tefferi A, Vainchenker W. Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Molecular pathophysiology, essential clinical understanding, and treatment strategies. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(5):573-82. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.29.8711 PMid:21220604
Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, Brunning RD, Borowitz MJ, Porwit A, et al. The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: Rationale and important changes. Blood. 2009;114(5):937-51. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-03-209262 PMid:19357394
Klampfl T, Gisslinger H, Harutyunyan AS, Nivarthi H, Rumi E, Milosevic JD, et al. Somatic mutations of calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(25):2379- 90. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1311347 PMid:24325356
Nangalia J, Massie CE, Baxter EJ, Nice FL, Gundem G, Wedge DC, et al. Somatic CALR mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(25):2391-405. https://doi.org/10.3410/f.718204849.793488921
Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE. Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology E-book. Netherlands: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
Bain BJ, Bates I, Laffan MA. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology E-book. Netherlands: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016.
Magor GW, Tallack MR, Klose NM, Taylor D, Korbie D, Mollee P, et al. Rapid molecular profiling of myeloproliferative neoplasms using targeted exon resequencing of 86 genes involved in JAK-STAT signaling and epigenetic regulation. J Mol Diagn. 2016;18(5):707-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jmoldx.2016.05.006 PMid:27449473
Noone AM, Cronin KA, Altekruse SF, Howlader N, Lewis DR, Petkov VI, et al. Cancer incidence and survival trends by subtype using data from the surveillance epidemiology and end results program, 1992-2013. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(4):632-41. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965. epi-16-0520 PMid:27956436
Hultcrantz M, Landtblom AR, Andréasson B, Samuelsson J, Dickman PW, Kristinsson SY, et al. Incidence of myeloproliferative neoplasms-trends by subgroup and age in a population-based study in Sweden. J Intern Med. 2020;287(4):448-54. https://doi. org/10.1111/joim.13019 PMid:31927786
Höglund M, Sandin F, Simonsson B. Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: An update. Ann Hematol. 2015;94(2):241-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-015-2314-2 PMid:25814090
Shallis RM, Wang R, Davidoff A, Ma X, Podoltsev NA, Zeidan AM. Epidemiology of the classical myeloproliferative neoplasms: The four corners of an expansive and complex map. Blood Rev. 2020;42:100706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2020.100706
Tondel M, Persson B, Carstensen J. Myelofibrosis and benzene exposure. Occup Med. 1995;45(1):51-2. https://doi.org/10.1093/ occmed/45.1.51 PMid:7703476
Bosch X, Campistol JM, Montoliu J, Cervantes F, Revert L. Toluene-associated myelofibrosis. Blut. 1989;58(4):219-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00320778 PMid:2706324
Al-Attar SJ, Hashim I. Prevalence of anemia types among overweight and obese patients attending the obesity research and therapy unit at AL-kindy college of medicine. Int Med J. 2020;25(1):435-48.
Houtchens MK. Toxic encephalopathies II: Leukoencephalopathies. In: Dobbs MR, editor. Clinical Neurotoxicology. Ch. 8. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 2009. p. 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-032305260-3.50014-9
Kadhem J, Reza K, Ahmed W. Alternative fuel use in Iraq: A way to reduce air pollution. Eur J Eng Res Sci. 2017;2(5):20-30. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.5.322
Geyer HL, Kosiorek H, Dueck AC, Scherber R, Slot S, Zweegman S, et al. Associations between gender, disease features and symptom burden in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms: An analysis by the MPN QOL International Working Group. Haematologica. 2017;102(1):85-93. https://doi. org/10.3324/haematol.2016.149559 PMid:27540137
Bouman A, Heineman MJ, Faas MM. Sex hormones and the immune response in humans. Hum Reprod Update. 2005;11(4):411-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmi008 PMid:15817524
Ellegren H, Parsch J. The evolution of sex-biased genes and sex-biased gene expression. Nat Rev Genet. 2007;8(9):689-98. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2167 PMid:17680007
Larsen TS, Pallisgaard N, Møller MB, Hasselbalch HC. The JAK2 V617F allele burden in essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis--impact on disease phenotype. Eur J Haematol. 2007;79(6):508-15. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00960.x PMid:17961178
Landolfi R, Marchioli R. European collaboration on low-dose aspirin in polycythemia vera (ECLAP): A randomized trial. Semi Thromb Hemost. 1997;23(5):473-8. https://doi. org/10.1055/s-2007-996124
Stein BL, Rademaker A, Spivak JL, Moliterno AR. Gender and vascular complications in the JAK2 V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. Thrombosis. 2011;2011:874146. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/874146 PMid:22084670
Humphries JE. Dry tap bone marrow aspiration: Clinical significance. Am J Hematol. 1990;35(4):247-50. https://doi. org/10.1002/ajh.2830350405 PMid:2239919
Ahmad SQ, Yusuf R, Zafar N, Ali N. Dry tap: A diagnostic alert for underlying bone marrow pathology. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2015;27(1):120-3. PMid:26182755
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Marwa Abdulnabi , Enass Abdul Kareem Dagher Al-Saadi (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
