An Online Survey: Assessing Anxiety Level among General Population during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Kholisotul Hikmah; Lucky  Prisandy; Gea  Melinda; M. Ibraar Ayatullah

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.5386

Authors

Kholisotul Hikmah Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
Lucky Prisandy Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Gea Melinda Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
M. Ibraar Ayatullah Department of Dental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5386

Keywords:

anxiety level, media exposure, screen time, physical activity, anxiety diagnosis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Indonesia, the world’s fourth-most populous country, is grappling with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) catastrophe as cases continue to rise. This situation induces uncertainties and changes in daily life, leading to uneasiness among the population, which may trigger anxiety symptoms.

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the anxiety level among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 267 adults from June 10, 2020, to June 15, 2020, the transition phase week after Large-scale Social Restriction of Indonesia. The survey was conducted online using a Google Form distributed through social media (WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter). Respondents over 18 years old, who agreed to participate in this study, were asked to complete the questionnaire by clicking the link. The anxiety level was measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.

RESULTS: The results of this study showed a significant correlation between age (p = 0.010), education (p = 0.039), personal income (p = 0.034), media exposure (p < 0.01), physical activity (p < 0.01), and anxiety diagnosis (p < 0.01) with the anxiety level among general people. However, ordinal logistics regression revealed that only respondents living in the city (odds ratio [OR] = 2.476) and people with clinician-anxiety diagnosis (OR = 5.116) were more likely to experience anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

CONCLUSION: According to the obtained results, age, education level, average income per month, media exposure, physical activity, and anxiety diagnosis correlated with anxiety incidence, whereas risk factors of anxiety included current residence and anxiety diagnosis.

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