Coronavirus Disease-19: Public Health Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Perceived Barriers in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5446Keywords:
Coronavirus disease-19, Indonesia, Infection Control, Nurses, Public HealthAbstract
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 outbreaks and its rapid rise in prevalence has been a major concern internationally. We conducted a short survey to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 and estimated barriers to disease transmission perceived by public health nurses (PHN) in Indonesia.
AIM: The study aimed to identify the association of sociodemographic characteristic with knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 among PHNs in Indonesia and highlight barriers to the control of infection perceived by PHNs.
METHODS: A national, online, and cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 28 to June 9, 2020, with a total of 368 participants. A questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice. An independent t-test was used to compare attitude differences of PHNs in gender and place of work. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences in attitude of PHNs by age, work experience, educational level, and source of information. The Pearson’s correlation test was used to measure the correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practices.
RESULTS: The majority of participants had good knowledge of COVID-19 (77.4%), had mean scores of attitude toward COVID-19 of 33.0 ± 2.7, and had good practices regarding COVID-19 (84.2%). Factors associated with knowledge were sources of information (p = 0.013). Factors associated with attitude were gender (p = 0.003), work experience (p = 0.010), and sources of information (p = 0.035). Factors associated with practices were gender (p = 0.011) and sources of information (p = 0.029). There were significant, positive linear correlations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.435, p = 0.000), knowledge and practices (r = 0.314, p = 0.000), and attitude and practices (r = 0.362, p = 0.000). Most participants strongly agreed that limitations on infection control materials (50.8%) and patients hiding their travel history, resulting in screening inaccuracies (59.8%), were barriers.
CONCLUSIONS: A significant association between sources of information and knowledge, attitude, and practices, with the addition of other related factors. There were also significant positive linear correlations between knowledge, attitude, and practices. Nevertheless, the majority of the PHN perceived that limitations on infection control materials and patients hiding their travel history, resulting in screening inaccuracy, were major barriers.
Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
World Health Organization. Timeline of WHO’s Response to COVID-19. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/29-06-2020-covidtimeline. [Last accessed on 2020 July 09].
World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://www.covid19.who.int. [Last accessed on 2020 August 07].
Indonesian Task Force for COVID-19. Data Distribution. Jakarta: Indonesian Task Force for COVID-19; 2020. Available from: https://www.covid19.go.id. [Last accessed on 2020 August 07].
Indonesia National Nursing Association. Affected nurse monitoring form. Jakarta: Indonesia National Nursing Association; 2020. Available from: https://www.covid19ppni.id/form-pantauan-perawat. [Last accessed on 2020 Aug 07].
Edmonds JK, Kneipp SM, Campbell L. A call to action for public health nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health Nurs. 2020;37(3):323-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12733 PMid:32281160
Yoshioka-Maeda K, Iwasaki-Motegi R, Honda C. Preventing the dysfunction of public health centres responding to COVID-19 by focusing on public health nurses in Japan. J Adv Nurs. 2020;76(9):2215-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14409 PMid:32363578
Huang L, Lin G, Tang L, Yu L, Zhou Z. Special attention to nurses’ protection during the COVID-19 epidemic. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):120. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2841-7 PMid:32220243
Wong EL, Wong SY, Kung K, Cheung AW, Gao TT, Griffiths S. Will the community nurse continue to function during H1N1 influenza pandemic: A cross-sectional study of Hong Kong community nurses? BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:107. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-107 PMid:20433691
Gan X, Shi Z, Chair SY, Cao X, Wang Q. Willingness of Chinese nurses to practice in Hubei combating the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic: A cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs. 2020;76:2137-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14434 PMid:32449187
Mhango M, Dzobo M, Chitungo I, Dzinamarira T. COVID-19 risk factors among health workers: A rapid review. Saf Health Work. 2020;11(3):262-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2020.06.001 PMid:32995051
Bashirian S, Jenabi E, Khazaei S, Barati M, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Zareian S, et al. Factors associated with preventive behaviours of COVID-19 among hospital staff in Iran in 2020: An application of the protection motivation theory. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(3):430-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.035 PMid:32360337
Zhang M, Zhou M, Tang F, Wang Y, Nie H, Zhang L, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Henan, China. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105:183-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.012 PMid:32278701
Gan WH, Lim JW, Koh D. Preventing intra-hospital infection and transmission of COVID-19in healthcare workers. Saf Health Work. 2020;11(2):241-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2020.03.001 PMid:32292622
Creative Research System. Sample Size Calculator. California: Creative Research System; 2012. Available from: https://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm. [Last accessed on 2020 May 10].
Saqlain M, Munir MM, Rehman SU, Gulzar A, Naz S, Ahmed Z, et al. Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers among healthcare professionals regarding COVID-19: A Crosssectional survey from Pakistan. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(3):419-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.007 PMid:32437822
Zhong BL, Luo W, Li HM, Zhang QQ, Liu XG, Li WT, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick online cross-sectional survey. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(10):1745-52. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45221 PMid:32226294
Azlan AA, Hamzah MR, Sern TJ, Ayub SH, Mohamad E. Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A crosssectional study in Malaysia. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0233668. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233668 PMid:32437434
Giao H, Han NT, Khanh TV, Ngan TV, Tam VK. Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 among healthcare workers at district 2 hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2020;13(6):260-5.
Shi Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang G, Hashimoto K, et al. Knowledge and attitudes of medical staff in Chinese psychiatric hospitals regarding COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020;4:100064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100064 PMid:32289123
Olum R, Chekwech G, Wekha G, Nassozi DR, Bongomin F. Coronavirus disease-2019: Knowledge, attitude, and practices of health care workers at Makerere University Teaching Hospitals, Uganda. Front Public Health. 2020;8:181. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00181 PMid:32426320
Nemati M, Ebrahimi B, Nemati F. Assessment of Iranian nurses’ knowledge and anxiety toward COVID-19 during the current outbreak in Iran. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2020;15:e102848. https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid.102848
Al-Hanawi MK, Angawi K, Alshareef N, Qattan AM, Helmy HZ, Abudawood Y, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among the public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2020;8:217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217
Karasneh R, Al-Azzam S, Muflih S, Soudah O, Hawamdeh S, Khader Y. Media’s effect on shaping knowledge, awareness risk perceptions and communication practices of pandemic COVID-19 among pharmacists. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020;20:30430-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.027 PMid:32340892
The Jakarta Post. COVID-19: National Police to Take Legal Action against 41 People Over Internet Hoaxes. Jakarta: The Jakarta Post; 2020. Available from: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/03/24/covid-19-national-police-to-take-legalaction-against-41-people-over-internet-hoaxes.html. [Last accessed on 2020 Aug 01]. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3333
Wijaya MC. We can all Help Fight Fake News and Hysteria over COVID-19. Jakarta: The Jakarta Post; 2020. Available from: https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/03/06/we-canall-help-fight-fake-news-and-hysteria-over-covid-19.html. [Last accessed on 2020 Aug 01]. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qfnm3
Mansuri FM, Zalat MM, Khan AA, Alsaedi EQ, Ibrahim HM. Estimating the public response to mitigation measures and self-perceived behaviours towards the COVID-19 pandemic. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2020;15(4):278-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.06.003 PMid:32837504
Bhagavathula AS, Aldhaleei WA, Rahmani J, Mahabadi MA, Bandari DK. Knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19 among health care workers: Cross-sectional study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(12):e19160. https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.19160 PMid:32320381
Yahya AN. Ministry of Communication and Information: 1,125 Hoax Content and Disinformation Spread during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Jakarta: Kompas; 2020. Available from: https://www.nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/04/08/13312131/menkominfo-1125-konten-hoaks-dan-disinformasi-tersebarselama-pandemi-covid. [Last accessed on 2020 Aug 01].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Junaiti Sahar, Stefanus Mendes Kiik, Wiwin Wiarsih, Utami Rachmawati (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
