COVID-19 and the Fourth Burden of Women in Developing Countries: A Mini Review

Authors

  • Putri C. Eyanoer Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
  • Fotarisman Zaluchu Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5470

Keywords:

Coronavirus disease-19, Developing countries, Gender role, Maternal death, Women’s role

Abstract

It is known that women experience heavier physical and psychological burdens more than men. This is closely related to the traditional role of women because of the absence of women’s authority in themselves. In the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic situation, the role of women has increased, namely taking on a protective role. With this additional burden, the physical and psychological burden on women becomes heavier and has the potential to create health problems in the future. In this mini review, the authors discuss the potential impact of implementing the COVID-19’s prevention protocol on women’s lives. It was concluded that there were serious and very large potential consequences for women, in terms of physically, psychologically, or emotionally; thus, early anticipations are really needed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

Author Biography

Putri C. Eyanoer, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Department of Community Medicine

References

WHO. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Geneva: WHO; 2020. Available from: https://www.covid19.who.int. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 27].

WHO. The Push for a Covid-19 Vaccine. Geneva: WHO; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 14].

Satuan Tugas Penanganan Covid-19. Peta Sebaran; 2020. Available from: https://www.covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 15].

Editorial. Curing COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;3099(20):30706.

McKinsey. Coronavirus’ Business Impact: Evolving Perspective. India: McKinsey; 2020. Available from: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk/our-insights/covid-19-implications-for-business. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 14].

World Bank Group. Global Economic Prospects. Washington, DC: The World Bank; 2020.

Editorial. Will the COVID-19 Pandemic Threaten the SDGs? Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(9):e460. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30189-4

UNDP. Covid-19 Sosio-economic Impact; 2020. Available from: https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/coronavirus/socio-economic-impact-of-covid-19.html. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 14].

Moser CO. Gender Planning and Development: Theory, Practice and Trainning. London: Routledge; 1993.

Connell RW, Messerschmidt JW. Hegemonic masculinity. Gend Soc. 2005;19(6):829-59.

Wieringa SE. Passionate aesthetics and symbolic subversion: Heteronormativity in India and Indonesia. Asian Stud Rev. 2012;36(4):515-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2012.739997

Bourdieu P, Nice R. Masculine Domination. United Kingdom: Polity Press; 2001.

Bourdieu P. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press; 2012.

WHO. Maternal Mortality; 2019. Available from: https://www. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 19].

Indonesia Statistics Board, National Population and Family Planning Board, Ministry of Health, and ICF International. Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012. Jakarta: BPS, BKKBN, Kemenkes, and ICF International; 2013. https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv27n3.0016

Campbell OM. What are maternal health policies in developing countries and who drives them? A review of the last half-century. In: De Brouwere V, Van Lerberghe W, editors. Safe Motherhood Strategies: A Review of the Evidence. United States: ITG Press; 2001. p. 412-42.

Filippi V, Ronsmans C, Campbell OM, Graham WJ, Mills A, Borghi J, et al. Maternal health in poor countries: The broader context and a call for action. Lancet. 2006;368(9546):1535-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69384-7 PMid:17071287

Belton S, Myers B, Ngana FR. Maternal deaths in eastern Indonesia: 20 years and still walking: An ethnographic study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-39 PMid:24447873

Thaddeus S, Maine D. Too far to walk: Maternal mortality in context. Soc Sci Med. 1994;38(8):1091-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90226-7 PMid:8042057

WHO. Women’s Mental Health: An Evidence Based Review. Geneva: WHO; 2000.

Howard LM, Ehrlich AM, Gamlen F, Oram S. Gender-neutral mental health research is sex and gender biased. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017;4(1):9-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30209-7 PMid:27856394

Kuehner C. Why is depression more common among women than among men? Lancet Psychiatry. 2017;4(2):146-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30263-2 PMid:27856392

Kar SB, Pascual CA, Chickering KL. Empowerment of women for health promotion: A meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med. 1999;49(11):1431- 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00200-2

CDC. Cleaning and Disinfection for Households; 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cleaning-disinfection.html. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 14].

CDC. Guidance for Cleaning and Disinfecting; 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/cleaning-disinfecting-decision-tool.html. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 14].

WHO. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Advice for the Public; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 14].

UN Women. Surveys Show that COVID-19 has Gendered Effects in Asia and the Pacific; 2020. Available from: https://www.data.unwomen.org/resources/surveys-show-covid-19-has-gendered-effects-asia-and-pacific. [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 22]. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1565-2

Downloads

Published

2020-11-06

How to Cite

1.
Eyanoer PC, Zaluchu F. COVID-19 and the Fourth Burden of Women in Developing Countries: A Mini Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2020 Nov. 6 [cited 2024 Nov. 24];8(T1):476-9. Available from: https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/5470