The Determinant Factors of Stunting Among Children in Urban Slums Area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Titih Huriah; Putri  Handayani; Tiwi Sudyasih; Bambang Edi Susyanto

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.5593

Authors

Titih Huriah Postgraduate Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul, Indonesia
Putri Handayani Student of School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul, Indonesia
Tiwi Sudyasih Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Universitas Aisyiyah, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Bambang Edi Susyanto Department of Pediatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5593

Keywords:

Stunting, Children Under Five, Urban Area, Case control

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, health indicators in urban areas are better than in rural areas. It is related to the health services’ accessibility. However, in some regions, the stunting rate among children under five in urban areas is higher than in rural areas, including in Yogyakarta.

AIM: The research purpose was to analyze the determinant factor influencing the stunting incidence in children under five in urban slums areas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design employed a case control with a sample of mother and 29 children under five as a case group and 42 children under five as a control group in Yogyakarta District during the December–January 2020 period. The inclusion criteria were children aged 6–59 months living in the urban slum area, while the exclusion criteria were children who had physical and mental disabilities, suffering from illness or were hospitalized, and had congenital diseases. The data collection was conducted by questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Data analysis used central tendency, Chi-square, and logistic regression.

RESULTS: The results showed that the majority of children were girls in the case group and boys in the control group with a history of non-exclusive breastfeeding. Most respondents have mothers with low levels of education and work as housewives. The results of the correlation test showed that of the seven variables studied as a risk factor, there are two factors which were birth weight and mother occupation which were related with stunting in children under five with p = 0.041 and 0.047, respectively.

CONCLUSION: This study concluded that birth weight (AOR = 3.49) and mother’s occupation (AOR = 0.25) are the determinant cause of stunting in children under 5 years of age in urban slums areas. The pregnant women’s health promotion needs to be improved because it will affect birth weight, a risk factor for stunting in children under five.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Illahi RK. The relationship between family income, birth weight, and length of birth with the incidence of stunting toddler 24-59 months in Bangkalan. J Manajemen Kesehatan. 2017;3(1):1-14.

Dorsey JL, Manohar S, Neupane S, Shrestha B, Klemm RD, West KP. Individual, household, and community level risk factors of stunting in children younger than 5 years: Findings from a national surveillance system in Nepal. Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14(1):e12434. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12434 PMid:28233455

Aryastami NK, Shankar A, Kusumawardani N, Besral B, Jahari AB, Achadi E. Low birth weight was the most dominant predictor associated with stunting among children aged 12–23 months in Indonesia. BMC Nutr. 2017;3(1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-017-0130-x

Rahman MS, Howlader T, Masud MS, Rahman ML. Association of low-birth weight with malnutrition in children under five years in Bangladesh: Do mother’s education, socio-economic status, and birth interval matter? PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0157814. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157814 PMid:27355682

Rachmi CN, Agho KE, Li M, Baur LA. Stunting, underweight and overweight in children aged 2.0-4.9 years in Indonesia: Prevalence trends and associated risk factors. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0154756. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154756 PMid:27167973

Saputri RM & Viridula EY. The nutritional status and history of exclusive breastfeeding with the incidence of stunting. Jurnal Kesehatan Stikes Darul Azhar Batulicin. 2018; 6(1). pg 59-68.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Indonesia Helath Profile 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2018. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/ resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/ PROFIL_KESEHATAN_2018_1.pdf. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 07]. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v19i3.469

Twinkle V, Das MC, Kumar VP. Nutritional status of school age children in urban slum area in Vijayawada and Guntur. J Clin Diagn Res. 2020;14(4):1-4. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2020/43114.13611

Jones AD, Hoey L, Blesh J, Janda K, Llanque R, Aguilar AM. Peri-urban, but not urban, residence in bolivia is associated with higher odds of co-occurrence of overweight and anemia among young children, and of households with an overweight woman and stunted child. J Nutr. 2018;148(4):632-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy017 PMid:29659966

Giao H, Le An P, Truong Vien N, Van Khanh T, Quang Vinh B. Stunting and overweight among 12-24-month-old children receiving vaccination in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:1547626. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1547626 PMid:30911539

Islam MM, Sanin KI, Mahfuz M, Ahmed AM, Mondal D, Haque R, et al. Risk factors of stunting among children living in an urban slum of Bangladesh: Findings of a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5101-x PMid:29378556

Huriah T, Trisnantoro L, Haryanti F, Julia M. Malnutrisi akut berat dan determinannya pada balita di wilayah rural dan urban. J Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasl. 2014;9(1):456. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v9i1.456

Ameye H, De Weerdt J. Child health across the rural-urban spectrum. World Dev. 2020;130:104950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104950

Huriah T, Fitriami E, Erviana E, Rahman A. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Stunting Children in Rural Area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019-Health Science and Nursing; 2019. https://doi.org/10.2991/icosihsn-19.2019.30

Chávez-Zárate A, Maguiña JL, Quichiz-Lara AD, Zapata- Fajardo PE, Mayta-Tristán P. Relationship between stunting in children 6 to 36 months of age and maternal employment status in Peru: A sub-analysis of the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey. PLoS One. 2019;14(4):e0212164. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212164 PMid:30943197

Aryastami NK, Shankar A, Kusumawardani N, Besral B, Jahari AB, Achadi E. Low birth weight was the most dominant predictor associated with stunting among children aged 12–23 months in Indonesia. BMC Nutr. 2017;3(1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-017-0130-x

Wahdah S, Juffrie M, Huriyati E. The risk factors associated with the incidence of stunting in children of 6-36 months in Silat Hulu District of Kapuas Hulu, Province of Kalimantan Barat. J Gizi Dan Dietetik Indones. 2015;3(2):119. https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2015.3(2).119-130

Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection. Gender Project Officer to the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection (MOWECP); 2018. Available from: https:// www.indonesia.unfpa.org/en/vacancies/gender-project-officer-ministry-womens-empowerment-and-child-protection-mowecp. [Last accessed on 2020 Sep 07]. https://doi.org/10.21201/2018.2852

World Health Organization. Protección de la Lactancia Materna en Perú. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.

Lidia F. The correlation between low birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding with stunting in Lima Puluh health center Pekanbaru. J Endur. 2018;1:131.

Nova M, Afriyanti O. The relationship between birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, giving complementary feeding and energy intake with the incidence of stunting in infants aged 24-59 months in the working area of the Lubuk Buaya Health Center. Jurnal Kesehatan Perintis. 2018;5(1):47-53.

Berhe K, Seid O, Gebremariam Y, Berhe A, Etsay N. Risk factors of stunting (chronic undernutrition) of children aged 6 to 24 months in Mekelle City, Tigray Region, North Ethiopia: An unmatched case-control study. PLoS One. 2019;14(6):e0217736. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217736 PMid:31181094

Rahmad, A. H. A. Malnutrition a toddler rural and urban areas based family characteristics. Idea Nurs J. 2016;7(2):43-52.

Akombi BJ, Agho KE, Hall JJ, Wali N, Renzaho AM, MeromD. Stunting, wasting and underweight in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(8):863. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080863 PMid:28788108

Sánchez HD, Tuesta Dorado P, Valqui Gatica IA. Factores Maternos Asociados al Riesgo de Desnutrición en Niños de 6 a 36 meses del Centro de Salud Morona Cocha I-4, 2015. Iquitos, Peru: Tesis Licenciatura, Universida Nacional de la Amazonı´a Peruana; 2015. https://doi.org/10.37711/rpcs.2019.1.2.20