Cardiovascular Aspects of Coronavirus Disease-2019

Refli Hasan

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.5598

Authors

Refli Hasan Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5598

Keywords:

Cardiovascular, Coronavirus disease-19, Manifestation, Management

Abstract

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2. The disease has become a pandemic since March 11, 2020, with more than 47 million cases and 1 million deaths worldwide. Besides affecting respiratory system, the disease is also affects cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular involvement is hypothesized from direct invasion, inflammation, thrombosis, autoantibody, and imbalance of oxygen supply and demand. Cardiovascular damage from those processes manifests as acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Patients contracting COVID-19 with cardiovascular manifestations should undergo routine examinations and auxiliary examinations such as cardiac biomarkers, cardiac imaging, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and angiography. COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular manifestations are managed with supportive treatment, antivirals, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin. Immunomodulators and convalescent plasma are being investigated recently. Anticoagulant is utilized to manage coagulopathy. Survived COVID-19 patients with history of cardiovascular manifestations should undergo routine follow-up.

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