Potential of Omega-3 Supplementation on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in Elderly Community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5601Keywords:
hand strength, frail elderly, muscle strength, frailty, physical functional performanceAbstract
BACKGROUND: Geriatric problem characterized by reduced functional ability and impaired adaptation function caused by the decline in various body systems, as well as increased vulnerability to various kinds of stressors, which reduce a person’s functional performance.
AIM: This study was aimed to explore the effect of omega-3 supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in the elderly community in Palembang, Indonesia.
METHODS: This study is an open clinical trial, to assess the potential of omega-3 supplementation on muscle mass, handgrip strength, and physical activity of elderly community. Omega-3 is given as much as 1.2 g once a day for 12 weeks orally. Muscle strength was assessed using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Meanwhile, the muscle strength was assessed with a muscle dynamometer.
RESULTS: Omega-3 supplementation has only shown potent efficacy in improving muscle strength in geriatrics patients (before omega-3 supplementation 25.1 + 5.11; after omega-3 supplementation 26.2 + 5.16; p < 0.05). Omega 3 supplementation did not show significant improvement in muscle mass and gait ability in elderly patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 supplementation improves handgrip strength but does not increase muscle mass and physical performance for geriatrics.
Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Mangien KK. The frail and institutionalized elder. In: Guccione AA, editor. Geriatric Physical Therapy. 2nd ed. Missouri: Mosby; 2000. p. 445-54.
Cherniack EP, Florez HJ, Troen BR. Emerging therapies to treat frailty syndrome in the elderly. Altern Med Rev. 2007;12(3):246-58. PMid:18072820
Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol Med Sci. 2001;56(3):146-56. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 PMid:11253156
Woo T, Yu S,Visvanathan R. Systematic literature review on the relationship between biomarkers of sarcopenia and quality of life in older people. J Frailty Aging. 2016;5(2):88-99. https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2016.93 PMid:27224499
Delmonico MJ, Harris TB, Visser M, Park SW, Conroy MB, Mieyer PV, et al. Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality and tissue infiltration. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;90(6):1579-85. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.28047 PMid:19864405
Morley JE. Diabetes, sarcopenia, and frailty. Clin Geriatr Med. 2008;24(3):455–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2008.03.004 PMid:18672182
Cawthon PM, Fox KM,Gandra SR, Delmonico MJ, Chiou CF. Do muscle mass, muscle density, strength, and physical function similarly influence risk of hospitalization in older adults? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(8):1411-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02366.x PMid:19682143
Janssen I, Shepard DS, Katzmarzyk PT, Roubenoff R. The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(1):80-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52014.x PMid:14687319
Landi F, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Liperoti R, Russo A, Giovanni S, Tosato M. Sarcopenia and mortality risk in frail older persons aged 80 years and older: Results from ilsirentestudy. Age Ageing. 2013;42(2):203-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afs194 PMid:23321202
Bollwein J, Volkert D, Diekmann R, Kaiser MJ, Uter W, Vidal K. Nutritional status according to the mini nutritional assessment and frailty in community dwelling older persons:A close relationship. J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17(4):351-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-013-0034-7 PMid:23538658
Dorner TE, Luger E, Tschinderle J, Stein KV, Haider S, Kapan A. Association between nutritional status and frailty in acute hospitalised elderly patients. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18(3):264-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-013-0406-z PMid:24626753
Chevalier S, Saoud F, Gray Donald K, Morais JA. The physical functional capacity of frail elderly persons undergoing ambulatory rehabilitation is related to their nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging. 2008;12(10):721-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/ bf03028620 PMid:19043647
Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, Uter W, Guigoz Y, Cederholm T. Frequency of malnutrition in older adults: A multinational perspective using the mini nutritional assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(90):1734-8. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03016.x PMid:20863332
Wall BT, Gorissen SH, Pennings B, Koopman R, Groun B, Virdjik LB. Aging is accompanied by a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to protein ingestion. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0140903. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140903 PMid:26536130
Tessier A, Chevalier S. An update on protein, leucine, omega-3 fatty acids, and Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and functional decline. Nutrients. 2018;10(8):1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081099 PMid:30115829
Crupi R, Marino A, Cuzzocrea S. N-3 fatty acids: Role in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Curr Med Chem. 2013;20(4):2953-63. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986731132099 90140 PMid:23746276
EFSA. Opinion of the scientific panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies on a request from the Commission related to labeling reference intake values for n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. EFSA J. 2009;1176:1-11. https://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1176
Inouye SK, Studenski S, Tinetti ME, Kuchel GA. Geriatric syndromes: Clinical, research, and policy implications of a core geriatric concept. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(5):780-91. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01156.x PMid:17493201
Peterson SJ, Mozer M. Differentiating sarcopenia and cachexia among patients with cancer. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017;32(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533616680354 PMid:28124947
Hutchins-Wiese HL, Kleppinger A, Annis K, Liva E, Keepe CJ, Durhan HA, et al.The impact of supplemental n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary antioxidants on physicalperformance in postmenopausal women. J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17(1):76-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-012-0415-3 PMid:23299384
Krzyminska-Siemazko R, Czepulis N, Lewandowicz M, Zasadzka E, Suwaska A, Witowski J, et al. The effect of a 12 weeks omega-3 supplementation on body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in elderly individuals with decreased muscle mass. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(9):10558-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120910558 PMid:26343698
Smith GI, Julliand S, Reeds DN, Sinacore DR, Klein S, Mittendofar B, et al. Fish oil-derived n-3 pufa therapy increases muscle mass and function in healthy older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(1):115-22. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.105833 PMid:25994567
Logan SL, Spriet LL. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for 12 weeks increases resting and exercise metabolic rate in healthy community-dwelling older females. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0144828. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144828 PMid:26679702
Magee P, Pearson S, Whittingham-Dowd J, Allen J. PPARɣ as a molecular target of EPA anti-inflammatory activity during TNFα impaired skeletal muscle cell differentiation. J Nutr Biochem. 2012;23(11):1440-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.09.005 PMid:22305406
Laplante M, Sabatini D. mTOR signaling at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2009;122(20):3589-94. https://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.051011
PMid:19812304
de Roos B, Mavrommatis Y, Brouwer IA. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: new insights into mechanisms relating to inflammation and coronary heart disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;158(2):413-28. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00189.x
PMid:19422375
Jeromson S, Gallagher IJ, Galloway SDR, Hamilton DL. Omega-3 fatty acids and skeletal muscle health. Mar Drugs. 2015;13(11):6977-7004. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13116977
PMid:26610527
Tachtis B, Camera D, Lacham-Kaplan O. Potential roles of n-3 PUFAs during skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Nutrients. 2018;10(3):309. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030309
PMid:29510597
Tan A, Sullenbarger B, Prakash R, McDaniel JC. Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid reduces high levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines in aging adults: A randomized controlled study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018;132:23-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. plefa.2018.03.010
PMid:29735019
Ewaschuk JB, Almasud A, Mazurak VC. Role of n-3 fatty acids in muscle loss and myosteatosis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39:654-62. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0423
PMid:24869970
Gray SR, Mittendorfer B. Fish oil-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2018;21(2):104-9. https://doi. org/10.1097/mco.0000000000000441
PMid:29232264
Lalia AZ, Dasari S, Robinson MM, Abid H, Horse DM, Klaus KA, et al. Influence of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle protein metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults. Aging (Albany NY). 2017;9(4):1096-129. https://doi. org/10.18632/aging.101210
PMid:28379838
Mozaffarian D, Lemaitre RN, King IB, Song X, Huang H, Sack FM, et al. Plasma phospholipid long chain omega-3 fatty acids and total and cause-specific mortality inolder adults: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(7):515-25. https:// dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-7-201304020-00003
PMid:23546563
Reinders I, Song X, Visser M, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson S, et al. Plasma phospholipid pufas are associated with greater muscle and knee extension strength but not with changes in muscle parameters in older adults. J Nutr. 2015;145(1):105-12. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.200337
PMid:25355842
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Nur Riviati, Taufik Indrajaya, Erial Bahar, Dobi Saputra Burni (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
