The Effect of Environmental Enrichment with Autistic-like Behavior Symptoms on a Rattus norvegicus Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5616Keywords:
Autistic like behavior, social interaction, repetitive movements, Rattus novergicusAbstract
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental enrichment with autistic-like behavior symptoms on a Rattus norvegicus model.
METHODS: The post-test control only group design is used in this study. The study sample is baby of Rattus norvegicus Sprague Dawley strain who were born to cows who gave birth for the 1st time and children from cows who had been injected with valproic acid (VPA) who gave birth for the 1st time. This study has been divided into three groups, namely, negative control, positive control, and intervention: the negative control group; the VPA without enrichment as positive control; and the VPA group with enrichment as intervention group. One-way ANOVA tests were used to data analysis. Data are processed using SPSS version 23.0.
RESULTS: This study showed that the mean of social interaction in the negative control group was 359.11 ± 39.33 s higher than the positive control, namely, 182.00 ± 35.80 s and 244.56 ± 19.06 s for intervention. The mean of repetitive movement in the negative control group was 48.00 ± 9.03 s lower than the positive control, namely, 212.11 ± 41.43 s and intervention 160.00 ± 18.91 s. There has been an influence of environmental enrichment with social interaction and repetitive movements on a Rattus norvegicus model (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that there has been an influence of environmental enrichment with social interaction and repetitive movements on a Rattus norvegicus model.
Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Ganz ML. The lifetime distribution of the incremental societal costs of autism. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(4):343-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.161.4.343 PMid:17404130
Gräff J, Tsai LH. Histone acetylation: Molecular mnemonics on the chromatin. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14(2):97-111. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3427 PMid:23324667
Lord C, Jones RM. New strategies and findings for behavioral interventions in autism spectrum disorders. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2013;1304:70-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12311 PMid:24279894
Rogers SJ, Estes A, Lord C, Vismara L, Winter J, Fitzpatrick A, et al. Effects of a brief early start denver model (ESDM)-based parent intervention on toddlers at risk for autism spectrum disorders: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012;51(10):1052-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.003 PMid:23021480
Schneider T, Turczak J, Przewłocki R. Environmental enrichment reverses behavioral alterations in rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid: Issues for a therapeutic approach in autism. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31(1):36-46. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300767 PMid:15920505
Hannan A. Environmental enrichment and brain repair: Harnessing the therapeutic effects of cognitive stimulation and physical activity to enhance experience-dependent plasticity. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2014;40(1):13-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12102 PMid:24354721
Dawson G, Toth K, Abbott R, Osterling J, Munson J, Estes A, et al. Early social attention impairments in autism: Social orienting, joint attention, and attention to distress. Dev Psychol. 2004;40(2):271-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.271 PMid:14979766
Kelleher RJ, Bear MF. The autistic neuron: Troubled translation? Cell. 2008;135(3):401-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.017 PMid:18984149
Binder DK, Scharfman HE. Brain-derived neurotropic factor. Growth Factors. 2004;22(3):123-31. PMid:15518235
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Amel Yanis, Yanwirasti Yanwirasti, Nurmiati Amir, Ekowati Handharyani (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
