Correlation between Interleukin-6 Levels and Total PANSS Scores in Batak People with Schizophrenia

Suniaty Dapotria Lumbantoruan; Elmeida Effendy; Mustafa M. Amin

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.5620

Authors

Suniaty Dapotria Lumbantoruan Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Elmeida Effendy Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Mustafa M. Amin Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5620

Keywords:

Schizophrenia, Interleukin-6, MOCA-INA, PANSS, Batak people

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is an illness characterized by distorted thoughts, hallucinations, and reduced ability to feel normal emotions, and this has been linked to immunity, environment, and heredity factors. The particular interest in this context is the stimulating effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on dopamine, noradrenaline synthesis, and release.

AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between interleukin (IL)-6 levels and total PANSS scores in people with schizophrenia from the Batak tribe.

METHODS: This study was a numeric-numeric correlation analytic study. The research subjects were 47 inpatients (n = 47) at Prof. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital Medan, Indonesia, who were diagnosed based on the criteria of the international classification of disease-10 in the acute phase of treatment aged 15–45 years. IL-6 levels were obtained from blood serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis used the statistical package for the social science software.

RESULTS: The study found that there was a positive correlation between IL-6 levels and total PANSS scores in Batak people with schizophrenia (p = 0.001; r = 0.657); IL-6 levels and positive symptom (p = 0.001; r = 0.696); and IL-6 levels and negative symptom (p = 0.001; r = 0.532). However, there was no correlation between IL-6 levels and general psychopathological scores in Batak people with schizophrenia.

CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between IL-6 levels and the total PANSS score, positive symptom scores, and negative symptom scores in people with schizophrenia from the Batak tribe.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Miller BJ, Gassama B, Sebastian D, Buckey P, Mellor A. Meta-analysis of lymphocytes in schizophrenia. Clinical status and antipsychotic effects. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73(10):993-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.09.007 PMid:23062357

Howard J. The cytokine hypothesis: A neurodevelopmental explanation for the emergence of schizophrenia later in life. Adv Biosci Biotechnol. 2013;4:81-8.

Doorduin J. de Vries EF, Willemsen AT, de Groot JC, Dierckx RA, Klein HC. Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia-related psychosis: A PET study. J Nucl Med. 2016;50(11):1801-7. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.109.066647 PMid:19837763

Meyer U. The psychotic face of the immune system: Inflammation and schizophrenia. In: The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Psychoneuroimmunology. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons; 2014. p. 411-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118314814.ch21

Meyer U, Schwarz M, Muller N. Inflammatory processes in schizophrenia: A promising neuroimmunological target for the treatment of negative/cognitive symptoms and beyond. Pharmacol Ther. 2011;132(1):96-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.06.003 PMid:21704074

Kneeland RE, Fatemia SH. Viral infection, inflammation and schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013;42:35-48. PMid:22349576

Frydecka D, Misiak BM. Interleukin-6: The missing element of the neurocognitive deterioration in schizophrenia? The focus on genetic underpinnings, cognitive impairment and clinical manifestation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015;265(6):449-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-014-0533-5 PMid:25214388

Luo Y, He H, Zhang J, Fan N. Changes in serum TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-6 concentrations in patients with chronic schizophrenia at admission and at discharge. Compr Psychiatry. 2019;90:82-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.01.003 PMid:30782515

Zhang XY, Zhou DF, Cao LY, Zhang PY, Wu GY, Shen YC. Changes in serum interleukin-2, -6 and -8 levels before and during treatment with risperidone and haloperidol: Relationship to outcome in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(7):940-7. https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v65n0710 PMid:15291683

Sastroasmoro S, Ismail S. Dasar dasar metedologi penelitian klinis. In: Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2008.

Dahlan MS. Statistik untuk kedokteran dan kesehatan: Deskriptif, bivariat dan multivariat, dilengkapi dengan menggunakan SPSS. In: Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2014.

Kubistova A, Horacek J, Novak T. Increased interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in first episode schizophrenia patients versus healthy controls. Psychiatr Danub. 2012;23 Suppl 1:S153-6. PMid:22945211

Mohsen MY, Sabry NA, Zyada F, Samie MA, Baz HN. Relationship of serum interleukin-6 and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia, a case-control study. Middle East Curr Psychiatry. 2017;24(4):181-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.xme.0000522264.90841