Determinants of COVID-19 Prevention Behavior in the Elderly in Urmia: Application of Health Belief Model

Morad Ali Zareipour; Mojtaba Fattahi  Ardakani; Monireh Rezaee  Moradali; Mohammad Saeed  Jadgal; Ehsan  Movahed

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.5653

Authors

Morad Ali Zareipour Health System Research Unit, Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Mojtaba Fattahi Ardakani Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Monireh Rezaee Moradali Student Research Committee, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Saeed Jadgal Department of Public Health, Medical School, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
Ehsan Movahed School of Public Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5653

Keywords:

Prevention, Elderly, Health belief model, COVID-19

Abstract

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 disease effects on all age group and sex, especially the elderly, due to the high mortality rate, it is very impressive and the protective measures can reduce mortality in the elderly.

AIM: The present study was conducted to find the determinants of COVID-19 prevention behavior in the elderly in Urmia by emphasizing on the health belief model.

METHODS: The present study was a cross-sectional study on 1400 elderly people in Urmia, Iran in 2020 and the sample selection was by simple random sampling by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in this study that included demographic characteristics, health belief model questionnaire, and COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and linear regression tests using SPSS 23 software.

RESULTS: The results showed that the COVID-19 prevention behavior score has been increased by increasing age rate and this behavior was higher in older women than men (p = 0.02). Furthermore, linear regression test showed the most predictive constructs as knowledge (B = 0.38), perceived susceptibility (B = 0.29), perceived intensity (B = 0.25), and perceived self-efficacy (B = 0.21, respectively) and these structures were statistically significant (p < 0/05).

CONCLUSION: Effective interventions based on the health belief model and emphasizing on promoting knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, and perceived self-efficacy can prevent the elderly from developing this disease and its complications.

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