Relationship of the Emergency Department Density Level with Nursing Work Stress

Sari Candra Dewi; Naufal Muafi; Titik  Endarwati; Maryana Maryana; Sutejo Sutejo

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.5812

Authors

Sari Candra Dewi Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Naufal Muafi Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Titik Endarwati Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Maryana Maryana Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Sutejo Sutejo Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5812

Keywords:

Density level, Emergency department, Nurses, Work stress

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The imbalance between the increase in the overall volume of patients at the emergency department (ED) with the capacity of the emergency unit can lead to overcrowded conditions in the ED. Factors that cause ED density include lack of beds for inpatients, increased overall patient volume, increased non-emergency patient visits, lack of nursing staff, and lack of administrative support. Overcrowded at the ED can cause work stress on nurses. Nurses in the ED tend to experience more stress than nurses on the ward due to workload and work fatigue.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the ED density with nursing work stress.

METHODS: This study was conducted a correlational study in a hospital at Central Java in 2020. Total sampling with the criteria of nurses in the ED was the method employed to the respondents. The data analysis used descriptive statistics and rank Spearman, with a significant level of p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The most frequent occurred in the ED was overcrowded, while nursing work stress was moderate stress. The result of the rank Spearman test obtained p = 0.000 with a correlation coefficient of 0.725.

CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between the ED density levels with nursing work stress.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Hwang U, McCarthy ML, Aronsky D, Asplin B, Crane PW, Craven CK, et al. Measures of crowding in the emergency department: A systematic review. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18(5):527-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01054.x PMid:21569171 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01054.x

Clark S, Espinola JA, Rudders SA, Banerji A, Camargo CA. Favorable trends in the frequency of U.S. emergency department visits for food allergy, 2001-2009. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2013;34(5):439-45. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2013.34.3679 PMid:23998241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2013.34.3679

Bernstein SL. The effect of emergency department crowding on clinically oriented outcomes. Acad Emerg Med. 2009;16(1):1-10. PMid:19007346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00295.x

Affleck A, Parks P, Drummond A. Emergency department overcrowding and access block. CJEM. 2013;15(6):359-84. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500002451 PMid:24176460 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1481803500002451

Salway RJ, Valenzuela R, Shoenberger JM, Mallon WK, Viccellio A. Emergency department (ED) overcrowding: Evidence-based answers to frequently asked questions. Rev Méd Clín Las Condes. 2017;28(2):213-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmclc.2017.04.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmclc.2017.04.008

McKenna P, Heslin SM, Viccellio P, Mallon WK, Hernandez C, Morley EJ. Emergency department and hospital crowding: Causes, consequences, and cures. Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2019;6(3):189-95. https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.18.022 PMid:31295991 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.18.022

Schull MJ, Lazier K, Vermeulen M, Mawhinney S, Morrison LJ. Emergency department contributors to ambulance diversion: A quantitative analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;41(4):467-76. https://doi.org/10.1067/mem.2003.23 PMid:12658245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1067/mem.2003.23

Almasitoh UH. Job stress in terms of multiple role conflicts and social support to nurses. J Psikol Islam. 2011;8(1):63-82. https://doi.org/10.18860/psi.v0i1.1546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/psi.v0i1.1546

Lumingkewas M. The relationship between work conditions and work stress of nurses in the medical emergency department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. E J Keperawatan. 2015;3(3):1-7. https://doi.org/10.25077/njk.9.2.161-168.2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/njk.9.2.161-168.2013

Harrisma OW. The effect of job stress on work productivity through job satisfaction. J Ilmu Manaj. 2013;1(2):651-62. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/fp62j DOI: https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/fp62j

Desima R. The level of work stress of nurses with nurse caring behavior. J Keperawatan. 2013;4(1):43-55. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v4i1.1551 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v4i1.1551

Sharma P. Occupational stress among staff nurses: Controlling the risk to health. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2014;18(2):52-6. PMid:25568598 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.146890

Mahastuti PD. Differences in work stress on nurses in the emergency room with nurses in the inpatient room of the “S” Hospital in Denpasar City in 2017. Intisari Sains Medis. 2019;10(2):284-9. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v10i2.212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v10i2.212

Haryanti. The relationship between workload and work stress of nurses in the emergency department of RSUD Semarang Regency. J Manage Keperawatan. 2013;1(1):48-56. https://doi.org/10.33475/jikmh.v4i1.181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33475/jikmh.v4i1.181

Arikunto S. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. 6th ed. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2011.

NIOSH. Niosh Generic Job Stress Questionnaire; 2014. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/workorg/detail088.html.

NEDOCS Calculator. Available from: http://www.emed.unm.edu/clinical/nedocs.html; http://www.mdcalc.com/nedocs-score-emergency-department-overcrowding.

Boyle A, Abel G, Raut P, Austin R, Dhakshinamoorthy V, Ayyamuthu R, et al. 2016. Comparison of the international crowding measure in emergency departments (ICMED) and the national emergency department overcrowding score (NEDOCS) to measure emergency department crowding: Pilot study. Emerg Med J. 2016;33(5):307-12. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2014-203616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2014-203616

Oroh A, Mulyadi, dan Malara R. The relationship between overcrowded conditions and information provision with family anxiety of patients in the emergency department of a hospital with GMIM love in Manado. E J Keperawatan. 2017;5(1):14453. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/up2g5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/up2g5

Garcia-Romero M, Rita-Gáfaro CG, Quintero-Manzano J, Angarita AB. NEDOCS vs subjective evaluation, ¿Is the health personnel of the emergency department aware of its overcrowding? Colomb Med (Cali). 2017;48(2):53-7. https://doi.org/10.25100/cm.v48i2.2131 PMid:28924304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25100/cm.v48i2.2131

HSE, Stress at Work; 2014. Available from: http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/q/c/Stress-at-work-advisory-booklet.pdf.

ILO, Psychosicoal Risk and Work-related Stress; 2016. Available from: http://www.ilo.org/safework/areasofwork/workplace-health-promotion-and-well-being/WCMS_108557/ lang--en/index.htm.

Essiam JO. Influence of job stress on job satusfaction among university staff: Analytical evidence from a public University Ghana. Int J Econ Commer Manage. 2015;3(2):1-15.

Chen L, Lin C, Han C, Hsieh C, Wu C, Liang H. An interpretative study on nurses’ perspectives of working in an overcrowded emergency department in Taiwan. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2018;12:62-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2018.02.003 PMid:29496585 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2018.02.003

Lu DM, Sun N, Hong S, Fan YY, Kong FY, Li QJ. Occupational stress and coping strategies among emergency department nurses of China. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2015;29(4):208-12. PMid:26165974 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2014.11.006