Beet (Beta vulgaris) Suppressed Gene Expression and Serum Fatty Acid Synthase in High Fat and Fructose-induced Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6045Keywords:
Beet, Fat, Fructose, Gene expression, Fatty acid synthaseAbstract
BACKGROUND: The expression and activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzymes determine de novo fatty acid synthesis, which can be enhanced by a high-fat and high fructose diet or inhibited by some bioactive compound diets. Beets are a great source of therapeutic compounds that have the potential to improve health and prevent disease.
AIM: This study examined the effects of beets on liver FAS gene expression and FAS levels.
METHODS: A total of 25 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: (1) Standard diet (n); (2) high fat and fructose diet (HFFD); (3) HFFD have given beet 6%-contained standard diet (B1); (4) HFFD have given beet 9%-contained standard diet (B2), and (5) HFFD have given beet 12%-contained standard diet (B3). The HFFD was given to rats in the 2, 3, 4, and 5 group diets for 8 weeks? and then 3, 4, and 5 groups received beet-contained standard diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the intervention, FAS levels were measured (please specify where it was measured from) using the ELISA method, liver FAS gene expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined by the colorimetric method.
RESULTS: The beet-substituted diet significantly suppressed the hepatic FAS gene expression and decreased the serum FAS levels in rats previously given HFFD (p < 0.05). The expression of the FAS gene showed a significant positive correlation with the levels of FAS serum (p < 0.05), and also with the hepatic TG levels but not significant (p > 0.05). Substitution of beet 9% in diet gives the best effect in hepatic FAS gene expression and the serum FAS levels.
CONCLUSIONS: The diet contained beet 9% was seen as a necessary physiological dose to improve the effects of high-fat and diet fructose diet through suppressing FAS gene expression and a decreased serum FAS levels.Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Jensen-Urstad APL and Semenkovich CF. Fatty acid synthase and liver triglyceride metabolism: Housekeeper or messenger? Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1821(5):747-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.017 PMid:22009142 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.017
Tranchida F, Tchiakpe L, Rakotoniaina Z, Deyris V, Ravion O, Hiol A. Long-term high fructose and saturated fat diet affects plasma fatty acid profile in rats. J Zheijang. 2012;13(4):307-17. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1100090 PMid:22467372 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1100090
Zaki SM, Fattah SA, Hassan DS. The differential effects of high-fat and high fructose diets on the liver of male albino rat and the proposed underlying mechanisms. Folia Morphol. 2019;78(1):124-36. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2010.25.7.1053 PMid:30009361 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2010.25.7.1053
Köseler E, Kızıltan G, Türker PF, Saka M, Ok MA, Bacanlı D, et al. The effects of glucose and fructose on body weight and some biochemical parameters in rats. Prog Nutr. 2018:20(1):46- 51. https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v20i1.5956
Ozkan H, Yakan A. Dietary high calories from sunflower oil, sucrose and fructose sources alters lipogenic genes expression levels in liver and skeletal muscle in rats. Ann Hepatol. 2019;18:715-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2019.03.013 PMid:31204236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2019.03.013
Clifford, T. Glyn H, DJ West, EJ Stevenson. The potential benefits of red beetroot supplementation in health and disease. Nutrients. 2015;7(4):2801-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7042801 PMid:25875121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7042801
El-Hawary SS, Hammouda FM, Tawfik WA, Kassem HA, Abdelshafeek KA, El-Shamy SS. Investigation of some chemical constituents, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities of Beta vulgaris var. altissima cultivated in Egypt. Rasayan J Chem. 2017;10(4):1391-401. https://doi.org/10.7324/rjc.2017.1041936 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7324/RJC.2017.1041936
Jung UJ, Cho YY, Choi MS. Apigenin ameliorates dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by modulating metabolic and transcriptional profiles in the liver of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutrients. 2016;8(5):305. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8050305 PMid:27213439 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8050305
Kwon EY, Un JJ, Taesun P, Jon WY, Myung-Sook C. Luteolin attenuates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through the interplay between the liver and adipose tissue in mice with diet-induced obesity. Diabetes. 2015;64(5):1658-69. https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0631 PMid:25524918 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0631
Chanmin L, Jieqiong M, Jianmei S, Chao C, Zhaojun F, Hong J, et al. Flavonoid-rich extract of Paulownia fortunei flowers attenuates diet-induced hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in obesity mice by ampk pathway. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090959 PMid:28867797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090959
Softic S, Cohen DE, Kahn CR. Role of dietary fructose and hepatic de novo lipogenesis in fatty liver disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;6(5):1282-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-016-4054-0 PMid:26856717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-016-4054-0
Song Z, Xiaoli AM, Yang F. Regulation and metabolic significance of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissues. Nutrients. 2018;10(10):1383. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101383 PMid:30274245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101383
Maithilikarpagaselvi N, Sridhar MG, Swaminathan RP, Sripradha R, Badhe B. Curcumin inhibits hyperlipidemia and hepatic fat accumulation in high-fructose-fed male wistar rats. Pharm Biol. 2016;54(12):2857-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/1388 0209.2016.1187179 PMid:27241764 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1187179
De Silva GS, Desai K, Darwech M, Naim U, Jin X, Adak S, et al. Circulating serum fatty acid synthase is elevated in patients with diabetes and carotid artery stenosis and is LDL-associated Atherosclerosis. 2019;287:38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.016 PMid:31202106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.016
Cui HX, Zheng MQ, Liu RR, Zhao GP, Chen JL, Wen J. Liver dominant expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene in two chicken breeds during intramuscular-fat development. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;39(4):3479-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-1120-8 PMid:21717057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-1120-8
Alves-Bezerra M, Cohen DE. Triglyceride metabolism in the liver. Compr Physiol. 2017;8(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c170012 PMid:29357123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c170012
Yuan S, Pan Y, Zhang Z, He Y, Teng Y, Liang H, et al. Amelioration of the lipogenesis, oxidative stress and apoptosis of hepatocytes by a novel proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum. Biol Pharm Bull. 2020;43(10):1542-50. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b20-00358 PMid:32759548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b20-00358
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Salma Nadiyah, Pramudji Hastuti, Sunarti Sunarti (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Funding data
-
Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi
Grant numbers 2521/UN1.DITLIT/DIT-LIT/LT2019