The Effect of Mental Health Status on the Quality of Life of Faculty of Medicine Students during the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 Period

Agustina Arundina Triharja Tejoyuwono; Rangga Putra  Nugraha; Faisal Kholid  Fahdi

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6161

Authors

Agustina Arundina Triharja Tejoyuwono Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-4361
Rangga Putra Nugraha Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-5232
Faisal Kholid Fahdi Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6161

Keywords:

Coronavirus Disease 2019, Medicine Students, Mental Health Status, Quality of Life

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease which has not been balanced with effective protocols can create mental health problems which could affect the quality of life; as of today, there is not any research that examines the influence of both factors.

AIM: This study purpose was to analyze the mental health status on the quality of life amongst medicine students during COVID-19 period.

METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey on 361 students from Faculty of Medicine Tanjungpura University. This study was conducted from June 2019 to November 2020 by spreading Depression Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire and a WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire through online. The data analysis was administered using Kruskal–Wallis statistics.

RESULT: The students’ mental health status was dominantly on the normal category with depression domain by 323 students (89.5%), anxiety domain by 311 students (86.1%), and stress domain by 343 students (95%). The quality of life measurement was in category medium in all domains which are physical health (88.6%), psychological health (92.5%), social relationships (50.7%), and environment (78.7%). There was significant effect of mental health status of depression and anxiety toward the aspect of physical health, psychological health, and social relationships (p < 0.05). Stress significantly influenced all domains of quality of life, and there was no significant effect of mental health status domain depression (p = 0.051) and anxiety (p = 0.881) toward the environment aspect.

CONCLUSION: Students’ mental health status in this research belongs to the category normal with moderate level in quality of life. To compare, there was a significant effect of mental health status toward the quality of life domains. The good application of self-coping mechanisms and the social encouragement from the environment is suitable intervention strategies during the pandemic COVID-19 period.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Santoso MB. Kesehatan mental dalam perspektif pekerjaan sosial. Share Soc Work J. 2016;6(1):148-53. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v6i1.13160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v6i1.13160

Ayuningtyas D, Misnaniarti M, Rayhani M. Analisis situasi kesehatan mental pada masyarakat di Indonesia dan strategi penanggulangannya. J Ilmu Kesehat Masy. 2018;9(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2018.9.1.1-10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2018.9.1.1-10

Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health. 2020;16:57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w PMid:32631403 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w

Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Corona Virus Deases (COVID-19) Revisi KE-5. Vol. 5. Kemenkes RI: Indonesia; 2020. https://covid19.go.id/p/protokol/pedoman-pencegahan-dan-pengendalian-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-revisi-ke-5 [Last accessed on 2021 May 25]. https://doi.org/10.32922/jkp.v8i2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32922/jkp.v8i2

Ophinni Y, Hasibuan AS, Widhani A, Maria S, Koesnoe S, Yunihastuti E, et al. COVID-19 vaccines: Current status and implication for use in Indonesia. Acta Med Indones. 2020;52(4):388-412. PMid:33377885

Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729 PMid:32155789 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729

Alyami M, de Albuquerque J, Krägeloh C, Alyami H, Henning M. Effects of fear of COVID-19 on mental well-being and quality of life among Saudi Adults: A path analysis. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2021;9(1):24-30. https://doi.org/10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_630_20 PMid:33519340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_630_20

Karataş Z, Tagay Ö. The relationships between resilience of the adults affected by the COVID pandemic in Turkey and COVID-19 fear, meaning in life, life satisfaction, intolerance of uncertainty and hope. Pers Individ Dif. 2021;172:110592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110592 PMid:33518871 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110592

Nakhostin-Ansari A, Sherafati A, Aghajani F, Khonji MS, Aghajani R, Shahmansouri N. Depression and anxiety among Iranian medical students during COVID-19 pandemic. Iran J Psychiatry. 2020;15(3):228-35. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v15i3.3815 PMid:33193771 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v15i3.3815

Filho CI, Rodrigues WC, de Castro RB, Marçal AA, Pavelqueires S, Takano L, et al. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Using GAD-7 and PHQ-9 Questionnaires (Preprint); 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.24.20138925 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.24.20138925

Pandey U, Corbett G, Mohan S, Reagu S, Kumar S, Farrell T, et al. Anxiety, depression and behavioural changes in junior doctors and medical students associated with the coronavirus pandemic: A cross-sectional survey. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2021;71(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-020-01366-w PMid:32989348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-020-01366-w

Vala N, Vachhani M, Sorani A. Study of anxiety, stress, and depression level among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic phase in Jamnagar city. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2020;10(12):1-3. https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2020.10.07205202031072020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2020.10.07205202031072020

Lasheras I, Gracia-Garcia P, Lipnicki DM, Bueno-Notivol J, López-Antón R, de la Cámara C, et al. Prevalence of anxiety in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249353 PMid:32927871 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186603

Saraswathi I, Saikarthik J, Kumar KS, Srinivasan KM, Ardhanaari M, Gunapriya R. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health status of undergraduate medical students in a COVID-19 treating medical college: A prospective longitudinal study. PeerJ. 2020;8:e10164. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10164 PMid:33088628 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10164

Torun F, Torun SD. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students in Turkey. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1355-9. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2985 PMid:32968408 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2985

Prayogi AR, Hardini PP, Alamiyyah M, Sari KI, Haqi DN, Sari JD. Determinan tingkat depresi mahasiswa pada masa pandemi COVID-19 (studi kasus mahasiswa Universitas Airlangga Surabaya). J CMHP. 2020;2(2):1-7. https://doi.org/10.51602/cmhp.v2i2.42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51602/cmhp.v2i2.42

Santoso A, Ardi WR, Prasetya RL, Dwidiyanti M, Wijayanti DY, Mu’in M, et al. Tingkat depresi mahasiswa keperawatan di tengah wabah COVID-19. J Holist Nurs Health Sci. 2020;3(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.14710/hnhs.3.1.2020.1-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/hnhs.3.1.2020.1-8

Hasanah U, Fitri NL, Supardi S, Livana PH. Depresi pada mahasiswa selama masa pandemi COVID-19. J Keperawatan Jiwa. 2020;8(4):421-4. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.4.2020.421-424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.4.2020.421-424

Nurhidayati T, Rahayu DA, Alfiyanti D. Nursing students’ coping for burnout and fatigue online learning during Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021;9(t4):92-6. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5857 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5857

Arundina A, Tejoyuwono T, Nugraha RP, Fahdi FK. Phbs implementation and personal factors of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2020;7(10):1499-510.

Kinanthi MR, Listiyandini RA, Amaliah US, Ramadhanthy R, Farhan M. Adaptasi alat ukur DASS-21 versi Indonesia pada populasi mahasiswa. In: Seminar Nasional Psikologi; 2020. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2018.14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2018.14

Mardea NA, Kristina SA. Stress levels and quality of life among pharmacy students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Int J Pharm Res. 2020;12(2):700-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.02.0096

Roy D, Tripathy S, Kar SK, Sharma N, Verma SK, Kaushal V. Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety and perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083 PMid:32283510 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083

Maulida H, Jatimi A, Heru MJA, Munir Z, Rahman HF. Depresi pada komunitas dalam menghadapi pandemi COVID-19: a systematic review. JSK. 2019;2(4):519-24. https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v2i4.201.

The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-k00112-k PMid: 8560308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-K

Mukhtar S. Pakistanis’ mental health during the COVID-19. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102127 PMid:32344330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102127

Shan AA, Sadia RS, Malik IM, Javed R, Shabbir S, Fakhri MH, et al. COVID-19 pandemic causing mental stress: A cross sectional study to evaluate the level of anxiety and its sources among medical undergraduates of gujranwala medical college. World J Pharm Med Res. 2020;6(7):270-6. Available from: https://www.wjpmr.com/home/article_abstract/2867. [Last accessed on 2021 May 25].

Saddik B, Hussein A, Sharif-Askari FS, Kheder W, Temsah MH, Koutaich RA, et al. Increased levels of anxiety among medical and non-medical university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13:2395-406. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.10.20096933 PMid:33177898 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S273333

Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934 PMid:32229390 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934

Shah SM, Mohammad D, Qureshi MF, Abbas MZ, Aleem S. Prevalence, psychological responses and associated correlates of depression, anxiety and stress in a global population, during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Community Ment Health J. 2021;57(1):101-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00728-y PMid:33108569 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00728-y

Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8 PMid:32112714 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Khasawneh AI, Humeidan AA, Alsulaiman JW, Bloukh S, Ramadan M, Al-Shatanawi TN, et al. Medical students and COVID-19: Knowledge, attitudes, and precautionary measures. A descriptive study from Jordan. Front Public Health. 2020;8:253. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00253 PMid:32574313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00253

Xiao H, Shu W, Li M, Li Z, Tao F, Wu X, et al. Social distancing among medical students during the 2019 Coronavirus disease pandemic in China: Disease awareness, anxiety disorder, depression, and behavioral activities. Int J Env Res Public Health. 2020;17(14):5047. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145047 PMid:32674285 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145047

Haqi MH, Misbahatul E, Bahiyah K. The description of mental status (stress, anxiety, and depression) on post earthquake victims based on the development period (adolescents, adult, and elderly) in desa pendua kabupaten lombok utara. Psychiatry Nurs J. 2019;1(2):29-35. https://doi.org/10.20473/pnj.v1i1.13013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/pnj.v1i1.13013

Özdin S, Özdin ŞB. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):504-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051 PMid:32380879 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051

Abdel Wahed WY, Hassan SK. Prevalence and associated factors of stress, anxiety and depression among medical Fayoum University students. Alexandria J Med. 2017;53(1):77-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2016.01.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2016.01.005

Saravanan C, Wilks R. Medical students experience of and reaction to stress: The role of depression and anxiety. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:737382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/737382

Younas S, Tahir F, Sabih F, Hussain R, Hassan A, Sohail M, et al. Psychological capital and mental health: Empirical exploration in perspective of gender. PONTE Int Sci Res J. 2020;76(1/1):150-75. https://doi.org/10.21506/j.ponte.2020.1.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21506/j.ponte.2020.1.11

Singh K, Junnarkar M, Sharma S. Anxiety, stress, depression, and psychosocial functioning of Indian adolescents. Indian J Psychiatry. 2015;57(4):367-74. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.171841 PMid:26813517 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.171841

Nurrezki S, Irawan R. Hubungan stres, cemas, dan depresi dengan kejadian migrain pada mahasiswa kedokteran di Jakarta. Damianus J Med. 2020;19(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v19i1.1200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v19i1.1200

Abdulghani HM, Sattar K, Ahmad T, Akram A. Association of COVID-19 pandemic with undergraduate medical students’ perceived stress and coping. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020;13:871-81. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s276938 PMid:33154682 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S276938

Arslan G, Yıldırım M. Coronavirus stress, meaningful living, optimism, and depressive symptoms : A study of moderated mediation model. Aust J Psychol. 2021;3(2):1-12. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ykvzn DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1882273

Fitriasari A, Septianingrum Y, Budury S, Khamida K. Online learning stress relates to student coping strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Keperawatan. 2020;12(4):985-92.

Sasikala T, Sahoo S, Lakshmanna N. Effect of COVID-19 crisis on medical students. Int J Res Med Sci. 2020;8(7):2714-7. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20202924 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20202924

Yıldırım M, Akgül Ö, Geçer E. The effect of COVID-19 anxiety on general health: The role of COVID-19 coping. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;11:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00429-3 PMid:33456406 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00429-3

Zhu W, Wei Y, Meng X, Li J. The mediation effects of coping style on the relationship between social support and anxiety in Chinese medical staff during. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(107):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05871-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05871-6

Yıldırım M, Arslan G, Özaslan A. Perceived risk and mental health problems among healthcare professionals during COVID- 19 pandemi : exploring the mediating effects of resilience and coronavirus fear. Int J Ment Health Addiction. 2020: Nov 16:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00424-8 PMid:33223977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/84xju

Kim SC, Sloan C, Montejano A, Quiban C. Impacts of coping mechanisms on nursing students’ mental health during COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional survey. Nurs Rep. 2021;11(1):36-44. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11010004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11010004

Gallego J, Aguilar-Parra JM, Cangas AJ, Langer ÁI, Mañas I. Effect of a mindfulness program on stress, anxiety and depression in university students. Span J Psychol. 2014;17:E109. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2014.102 PMid:26055051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2014.102

Bustamam N, Theresa RM, Wahyuningsih S. Student support program to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression on medical students. J Pendidikan Kedokteran Indones. 2020;9(2):170-81. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpki.51245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpki.51245

Chtourou H, Trabelsi K, H’Mida C, Boukhris O, Glenn JM, Brach M, et al. Staying physically active during the quarantine and self-isolation period for controlling and mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic overview of the literature. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1708. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01708 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01708

Steve D, Amisi MD, Punuh MI. Gambaran aktivitas fisik mahasiswa semester II fakultas kesehatan masyarakat universitas sam ratulangi saat pembatasan sosial masa pandemi COVID-19. KESMAS. 2021;10(1):95-104. Available from: https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/kesmas/article/view/32228.

Balhara YPS, Kattula D, Singh S, Chukkali S, Bhargava R. Impact of lockdown following COVID-19 on the gaming behavior of college students. Indian J Public Health. 2020;64:S172-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_465_20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.IJPH_465_20

Yıldırım M, Arslan G, Alkahtani AM. Do fear of COVID-19 and religious coping predict depression, anxiety, and stress among the Arab population during health crisis? Death Stud. 2021:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1882617 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1882617

Djalante R, Lassa J, Setiamarga D, Sudjatma A, Indrawan M, Haryanto B, et al. Review and analysis of current responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020. Prog Disaster Sci. 2020;6:100091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100091 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100091

Amelia N, Rahmah S, Harahap SN. Peran agama dalam mengatasi kecemasan masyarakat terkait pandemi COVID-19. J Abdi Mas Adzkia. 2021;1(2):90-107. Available from: http://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/adzkia/article/view/8841. [Last accessed on 2021 May 25].

Azania D, Naan. Peran spiritual bagi kesehatan mental mahasiswa di tengah pandemi COVID-19. Humanistika J Keislaman. 2021;7(1):26-44. https://doi.org/10.36835/humanistika.v7i1.384.

Syahrir A, Rahem A, Prayoga A. Religiosity of pharmacy students of UIN Malang during COVID-19 pandemic. J Halal Prod Res. 2020;3(1):25-34. https://doi.org/10.20473/jhpr.vol.3-issue.1.25-34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jhpr.vol.3-issue.1.25-34