The The Effect of Mango Mistletoes (Dendrophthoe pentandra) Leaves Extract on Percentage of CD4+CD28+, CD8+CD28+, and interleukin-2 Levels of Aged Balb/c Mice

Kusworini Handono; Mirza Zaka Pratama; Inmas Andi Sermoati; Maria Gabriela Yuniati; Ni Putu Sri Haryati; Eviana Norahmawati; Agustina Tri Endharti; Yahya Irwanto; Muhammad Badrus Solikhin; Syaiful Hidayat

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6182

Authors

Kusworini Handono Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; LAURA (Lupus Autoimmune Rheumatic and Allergy) Research Center, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Mirza Zaka Pratama Rheumatology and Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; LAURA (Lupus Autoimmune Rheumatic and Allergy) Research Center, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Inmas Andi Sermoati Master Program in Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-3106
Maria Gabriela Yuniati Master Program in Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Diploma III of Midwifery, Politeknik Kesehatan Kartini Bali, Denpasar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6606-0215
Ni Putu Sri Haryati Master Program in Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Bachelor of Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Denpasar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9218-2275
Eviana Norahmawati Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8853-0916
Agustina Tri Endharti Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-5740
Yahya Irwanto Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Muhammad Badrus Solikhin Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Syaiful Hidayat Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6182

Keywords:

Dendrophthoe pentandra, Immunosenescence, Age, Aged Balb/C mice

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Population aging is considered to be a global phenomenon today. Age-associated immune system dysfunction or “immunosenescence” is indicated by increased susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diseases, heart disease, and atherosclerosis. One of the immunosenescence markers is a significant drop in CD28 and reduced proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). The mango mistletoes are deemed to have a better affinity for docking the CD28 and IL-2R receptors of α and β subunits than other plants.

AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of mango mistletoes on IL-2 levels, the percentage of CD4⁺CD28⁺, and the percentage of CD8⁺CD28⁺ in aged female mice.

METHODS: The leaves of mango mistletoes were extracted using 96% ethanol solvent, and the extract was administered to aged female mice (18–20 months) orally with different doses for each group, namely 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg. Mango mistletoe leaves extract was administered once a day for 14 days. Then, the IL-2 levels of the mice were checked from their heart blood samples using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, while the percentages of CD4⁺CD28⁺ and CD8⁺CD28⁺ were examined from the spleen samples using flow cytometry.

RESULTS: The ethanol extract of mango mistletoe leaves was able to increase the percentage of CD4⁺CD28⁺ significantly (p < 0.05) at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg and increase the percentage of CD8⁺CD28⁺ significantly (p < 0.05) at a dose of 600 mg/kgBW, while other various doses had a strong enough correlation (r = 0.48) to increase IL-2 levels.

CONCLUSION: The ethanol extract of mango mistletoe leaves has the good potential to inhibit the aging process in the immune system, as characterized by an increase in IL-2 levels and the percentage of CD4⁺CD28⁺and CD8⁺CD28⁺.

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