Tyrosinase Enzymes Activities and Sun Protection Factor of Ethanol Extract, Water Fraction, and n-Butanol Fraction of Chromolaena odorata L. Leaves

Karlina Amir Tahir; Upik A.  Miskad; Khairuddin  Djawad; Sartini Sartini; Natsir M. Djide; Maulita  Indrisari; Khaerani Khaerani; Syamsuri  Syakri; Anshari  Masri; Ahmad Lalo

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6226

Authors

Karlina Amir Tahir Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Alauddin State Islamic University, Makassar, Indonesia; Postgraduate Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Upik A. Miskad Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Khairuddin Djawad Department of Dermatology and Gender, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Sartini Sartini Department of Pharmacy and Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Natsir M. Djide Department of Microbiology, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
Maulita Indrisari Postgraduate Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-838X
Khaerani Khaerani Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Alauddin State Islamic University, Makassar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-9676
Syamsuri Syakri Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Alauddin State Islamic University, Makassar, Indonesia
Anshari Masri Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-3742
Ahmad Lalo National Agency of Drug and Food Control, Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6226

Keywords:

Chromolaena odorata L., Tyrosinase enzyme, Sun protection factor

Abstract

Background: The need for skincare is increasing. One of the indicators of skin health is the brightness of the skin tone. Tyrosinase enzymes can darken the skin color due to their activity against melanin biosynthesis. The skin color will also change when exposed to UV rays, and even at a more severe level, it can cause cancer. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory activity of the tyrosinase enzyme and the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value of ethanol extract, water fraction, and n-butanol fraction from Chromolaena odorata L. leaves. Methods: In this study, tests were carried out on ethanol extract, water fraction, and an n-butanol fraction of C. odorata leaves to inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity based on percent inhibition and determination of inhibitory activity against UV light based on the SPF value. Determination of tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity using an ELISA reader was carried out by calculating the IC₅₀value with kojic acid as a positive control and measuring the SPF value using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Result: The results showed that the IC₅₀ value of the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity test, kojic acid as a positive control was 24.85 µg/mL (very strong), ethanol extract samples, water fraction, and n-butanol fraction were 191 µg/mL (weak), 65.86 µg/mL (very strong), and 14.59 µg/mL (very strong), respectively. The SPF value, including minimal protection shown by the ethanol extract at a concentration of 60 µg/mL, the water fraction at a 120 µg/mL concentration, and the n-butanol fraction a concentration of 40 µg/mL. Conclusion: The ethanol extract, water fraction, and n-butanol fraction of the Chromolaena odorata L. had an inhibitory effect on the tyrosinase enzyme and sun protection capacity used as an ingredient in cosmetic preparations

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