Analysis of Glycemic Control and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy as a Microvascular Complication in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study in North Sumatera, Indonesia

Masitha Dewi Sari; Rina Amelia; Aryani A. Amra

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6325

Authors

Masitha Dewi Sari Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-8729
Rina Amelia Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Aryani A. Amra Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6325

Keywords:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c, LDL Cholesterol, Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important health problem that induces microvascular complication such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Ocular complications associated with type 2 DM are progressive and rapidly becoming the world’s most significant cause of morbidity and preventable with early detection and timely treatment.

AIM: This study to analyze of glycemic control and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with glaucomatous optic neuropathy as a microvascular complication in patients with type 2 DM.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, analytical observational with cross-sectional study was conducted in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital and Satellite Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, from April 2020 to August 2020. The study included 66 participants with type 2 DM. The patients were investigated for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, LDL-C level, and ophthalmology examination including visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by Goldmann Applanation Tonometer, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness with spectral domain Optovue optical coherence tomography, and visual field defect with Octopus Perimeter.

RESULTS: This study showed a significant correlation between HbA1c with VA (p = 0.030), IOP (p = 0.035), RNFL thickness (p = 0.002), visual field defect (p = 0.032), and duration of DM (p = 0.003) and showed significant correlation between LDL-C with VA (p = 0.048), IOP (p = 0.006), and duration of DM (p = 0.042).

CONCLUSION: Higher HbA1c and LDL-C correlated with Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy as a microvascular complication in type 2 DM. Advantage of research is still rarely studied.

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