Literature Review: Menopause and Sexual Disorders

Muhammad Fidel Ganis Siregar; S. Azmeila; A. N. R. Sitompul; M. E. A. G. Siregar

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6345

Authors

Muhammad Fidel Ganis Siregar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2702-4091
S. Azmeila Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
A. N. R. Sitompul Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
M. E. A. G. Siregar Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6345

Keywords:

Menopause, Sexual desire, menopause symptoms

Abstract

Menopause is a permanent termination of the menstrual cycle caused by the loss of activity of ovarian follicles which is enforced when experiencing amenorrhea for 12 months. The mean age for women to stop menstruating was 51.5 years. The cause of menopause is a decrease in ovarian hormones. When the ovaries stop working and estrogen levels drop, a woman will experience several complaints such as changes in menstrual patterns, vasomotor, somatic, and psychological complaints, sleep disorders, sexual disorders, urogenital disorders, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease.

Physical, psychological, social and cultural factors are factors that influence women’s sexual function. The ageing process is known to increase the prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Female sexual dysfunction prevalence is quite high, range from 38-85.2%. Sexual disorders can take many forms and clinical symptoms. Circulating estrogen levels have been shown to influence sexual desire, activity, experiences, and problems in sexually active postmenopausal women. Deficiency of estrogen will cause vaginal atrophy which can affect sexual dysfunction. Many factors influence sexual dysfunction, both biological and psychological, in postmenopausal women. The goal of managing sexual disorders in postmenopausal women is to maintain age-related function. Vulvovaginal complaints should be managed individualized and depends on the severity of symptoms, medical history and lifestyle of the patient.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Rossmanith WG, Ruebberdt W. What causes hot flushes? The neuroendocrine origin of vasomotor symptoms in the menopause. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2009;25(5):303-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590802632514 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590802632514

Burger H, Woods NF, Dennerstein L, Alexander JL, Kotz K, Richardson G. Nomenclature and endocrinology of menopause and perimenopause. Expert Rev Neurother. 2007;7(Suppl 11):S35-43. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.7.11s.s35 PMid:18039067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.7.11s.S35

Nugroho YP. The relationship between menopause stage and sexual chamges in menopausal women in the elderly Srikandi Posyandu, Sumbersari Village, Malang city. J Nurs. 2013;4(1):75-86.

Barrett-Connor E, Burger H, Collins P, Coope J, Dennerstein L, de Oliveira M et al. Research on the Menopause in the 1990s. WHO Scientific Group. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996.

Abdi F, Mobedi H, Mosaffa N, Dolatian M, Tehrani FR. Hormone therapy for relieving postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms: A systematic review. Arch Iran Med. 2016;19(2):141-6. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2016.1164136 PMid:26838086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2016.1164136

Bachmann GA. Menopausal vasomotor symptoms: A review of causes, effects and evidence-based treatment options. J Reprod Med. 2005;50(3):155-65. PMid:15841927

Sherwood L. Reproductive System in Human Physiology from Cell to System. 6th ed. Jakarta: EGC; 2012. p. 810-70.

Efendi KY. Don’t afraid of facing menopause. In: Subsections Imuno Endokrinologi Obstetric and Gynecology. Palembang: RSMH/FK Unsri; 2012.

Baziad A. Menopause and Andropause. Jakarta: Bina Pustaka Sarwono Foundation Prawirohardjo; 2003.

Hoffman BL, Schorge JO, Schaffer JI, Halvorson LM, Bradshaw KD, Cunningham F, editors. Williams Gynecology. 2nd e New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.

Toffol E, Heikinheimo O, Partonen T. Hormone therapy and mood in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: A narrative review. Menopause. 2015;22(5):564-78. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000000323 PMid:25203891 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000323

Manson JE, Kaunitz AM. Menopause management getting clinical care back on track. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(9):803-6. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1514242 PMid:26962899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1514242

Coelho G, Frange C, Siegler M, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Hachul H. Menopause transition symptom clusters: Sleep disturbance and sexual dysfunction. J Womens Health. 2015;24(11):958-9. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2015.5537 PMid:26555780 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2015.5537

Siregar MF. Gluthatione peroxidase (GPx) level as one of diagnostic tools of menopausal complaints severity degree among paramedics women in Medan Indonesia. Giornalle Ital Ostet Ginecol. 2016;38(1):197-200.

Genazzani AR, Spinetti A, Gallo R, Bernardi F. Menopause and the central nervous system: Intervention options. Maturitas. 1999;31(2):103-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5122(98)00112-1 PMid:10227002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5122(98)00112-1

Freeman EW. Treatment of depression associated with the menstrual cycle: Premenstrual dysphoria, postpartum depression, and the perimenopause. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2002;4(2):177-91. https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2002.4.2/efreeman PMid:22033555 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2002.4.2/efreeman

Siregar MF. Salivary cortisol level as psycholohical disorders marker that assessed according to menopause rating scale in perimenopausal women in Indonesia-Medan. Giornalle Ital Ostet Ginecol. 2016;38(1):197-200.

Baber RJ, Panay N, Fenton AT. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016;19(2):109-50. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166 PMid:26872610 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166

Siegel AM, Mathews SB. Diagnosis and treatment of anxiety in the aging woman. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015;17(12):93. PMid:26458819 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-015-0636-3

Curri H. Menopause and Insomnia. Marlow, England: British Menopause Society; 2018.

Franco MM, Driusso P, Bø K, de Abreu DC, da Silva Lara LA, de Sá Rosa E Silva AC, et al. Relationship between pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study. Int Urogynecol Assoc. 2016;28(6):931-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-016-3211-5 PMid:27924379 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-016-3211-5

Jaafarpour M, Khani A, Khajavikhan J, Suhrabi Z. Female sexual dysfunction: Prevalence and risk factors. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(12):2877-80. PMid:24551663

Simon JA. Identifying and treating sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women: The role of estrogen. J Woman Health. 2011;20(10):1453-65. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2010.2151 PMid:21819250 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2010.2151

Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Shumel B, Hanes V, Garcia M Jr., Sand M. Efficacy and safety of flibanserin in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: Results of the SNOPDROP trial. Menopause. 2013;21(6):633-40. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000000134 PMid:24281236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000134

Constantine G, Graham S, Portman DJ, Rosen RC, Kingsberg SA. Female sexual function improved with ospemifene in postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Climacteric. 2015;18(2):226-32. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2014.954996 PMid:25252699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2014.954996

Cumming GP, Mauelshagen AE, Parrish MH. Postmenopausal sexual dysfunction. Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;12:1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1576/toag.12.1.001.27551

Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, Lumsden MA, Murad MH, Pinkerton JA, et al. Treatment of symptoms of the menopause: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(11):3975-4011. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2236 PMid:26444994 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2236

Bromberger JT, Assmann SF, Avis NE, Schocken M, Kravitz HM, Cordal A. Persistent mood symptoms in a multiethnic community cohort of pre-and perimenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158(4):347-56. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg155 PMid:12915500 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg155

Goldstein I. Current management strategies of the postmenopausal patient with sexual health problems. J Sex Med. 2007;4(Suppl 3):235-53. PMid:17394596 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00450.x