The Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Reproduction System and Fertility

Muhammad Fidel Ganis Siregar; Effinia Kamila Hanum Siregar

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6346

Authors

Muhammad Fidel Ganis Siregar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Effinia Kamila Hanum Siregar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6346

Keywords:

COVID-19, pregnancy, fertility

Abstract

As of October 9, 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was recorded to have infected more than 235 countries and 36,361,054 people globally, and 1,056,186 people died from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In early October 2020, it was reported that the rate of increase in new cases reached 300,000 cases per day. A scientific reference source about COVID-19 in pregnancy and fertility system based on the results of previous research. By conducting a literature search that was carried out until October 12, 2020, through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keyword COVID-19 and pregnancy, 20 articles were used as a reference source. Human SARS-CoV appeared in China, causing a deadly epidemic 18 years ago. Novel coronavirus-2019 infects target cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through its surface spike protein. nCoV-2 modulates ACE2 expression and causes serious injury, similar to SARS-CoV. There is the possibility that the SARS-CoV-2 mechanism can affect fertility on female, namely, SARS-CoV-2 can harm ovarian tissue and granulosa cells, and reduce ovarian function and quality of oocytes, and can make infertility or miscarriage; also damage the endometrial epithelium and affect early embryo implantation. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which is an acute infectious disease that mostly affects the respiratory system, but can also attack the reproductive system.

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