The Relationship between Glycated Hemoglobin Levels and the Quality of Life among Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6351Keywords:
Children, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Glycated hemoglobin level, Quality of lifeAbstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to impaired both in insulin secretion and insulin action. Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus should be targeted to achieve a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level ≤7.0% to reduce the risk of complications and improve quality of life. The majority of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus exhibit poor self-care and Health-related Quality of life behavior.
AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between HbA1C level and the quality of life among type 1 diabetes mellitus in children.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus who attended at pediatric endocrine clinic Haji Adam Malik general hospital and Universitas Sumatera Utara hospital Medan. Sampling was carried out in April 2020–July 2020. HbA1C level and self-administered questionnaire were used to assess the quality of life. Spearman correlation test was conducted to assess the correlation between HbA1C levels and the quality of life.
RESULTS: The mean of HbA1C level was 10.35 ± 2.68. No significant correlation between HbA1C level and the quality of life of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (r = 0.264, p > 0.05)
CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant correlation between HbA1C levels and the quality of life of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Rustama DS, Yati NP, Adriana N, Pulungan AP. Diabetes Mellitus tipe I. In: Batubara JR, Tridjaja B, Pulungan AB, editors. Buku Ajar Endokrinologi Anak. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2017. p. 146-230. https://doi.org/10.14238/sp13.5.2012.367-72 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/sp13.5.2012.367-72
Alemzadeh R, Ali O. Diabetes mellitus. In: Kliegman RM, editors. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier-Saunders; 2011. p. 1968-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4377-0755-7.00583-2
Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. Patofisiologi Diabetes Melitus. Jakarta: PB. PERKENI; 2006.
Pulungan AB, Annisa D, Imada S. Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: Situation in Indonesia and Management. Sari Pediatr. 2019;20(6):392-400. https://doi.org/10.14238/sp20.6.2019.392-400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/sp20.6.2019.392-400
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Bakti Husada; 2018. p. 66-75. https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v1i1.430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v1i1.430
UKK Endokrinologi Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. Diagnosis dan tata Laksana Diabetes Mellitus Tipe-1 Pada anak dan Remaja. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2017. https://doi.org/10.36053/mesencephalon.v6i1.189 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36053/mesencephalon.v6i1.189
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-86. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199309303291401 PMid:8366922 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199309303291401
Shapiro R, McManus MJ, Zalut C, Bunn HF. Sites of nonenzymatic glycosylation of human hemoglobin A. J Biol Chem. 1980;255(7):3120-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85860- PMid:7358733 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85860-X
Welsh KJ, Kirkman MS, Sacks DB. Role of glycated proteins in the diagnosis and management of diabetes: Research gaps and future directions. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(8):1299-306. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-2727 PMid:27457632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-2727
American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic targets: Standards of medical care in diabetes 2018. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(Supp 11):55-64. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-s006 PMid:29222377 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-S006
Miller KM, Beck RW, Bergenstal RM, Goland RS, Haller MJ, McGill JB, et al. Evidence of a strong association between frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in T1D Exchange clinic registry participants. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(7):2009-14. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1770 PMid:23378621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1770
Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Seid M. The PedsQL patients report outcome: Realibility and validity of the PedsQL measurement model in 25.000 children. Rand Health. 2005;5(6):705-10. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.5.6.705 PMid:19807613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.5.6.705
Gheissari A, Farajzadegan Z, Heidary M, Salehi F, Masaeli A, Varni JW, et al. Validation of persian version of PedsQLTM 4.0TM generic core scales in toddlers and children. Int J Prev Med. 2012;3:341-50.
Anderson BJ, Laffel LM, Domenger C, Danne T, Phillip M, Mazza C, et al. Factors associated with diabetes-specific health-related quality of life in youth with Type 1 diabetes: The global TEENs study. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(8):1002-9. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1990 PMid:28546221 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1990
Nansel TR, Weisberg-Benchell J, Wysocki T, Laffel L, Anderson B. Quality of life in children with Type 1 diabetes: A comparison of general and diabetes-specific measures, and support for a unitary diabetes quality of life construct. Diabet Med. 2008;25(11):1316-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02574.x PMid:19046222 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02574.x
Ozyazicioglu N, Avdal EU, Saglam H. A determination of the quality of life of children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and their parents. Int J Nurs Sci. 2017;4(2):94-8. PMid:31406726 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2017.01.008
Abdul-Rasoul M, AlOtaibi F, Rahme Z, Alshawaf F. Quality of life children and adolescents with Type 1diabetes in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract. 2013;22(4):379-84. https://doi.org/10.1159/000347052 PMid:23428425 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000347052
Monir ZN, El Samahy MH, Eid EM, Khalifa AG, abd-El Maksoud SE, Abbas MA, et al. Health-related quality of life in a group of Egyptian children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: Relationship to microvascular complications. Bull Natl Res Centre. 2019;43(142):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0180-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0180-0
Taha Z, Eltoum Z, Washi S. Predictors of glucose control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: Results of a cross-sectional study in Khartoum, Sudan. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(11):2035-9. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.423 PMid:30559856 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.423
Hapunda G, Abubakar A, Van de Vijver F, Pouwer F. Living with Type 1 diabetes is challenging for Zambian adolescents: Qualitative data on stress, coping with stress and quality of care and life. BMC Endocr Disord. 2015;15(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-015-0013-6 PMid:25928592 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-015-0013-6
Ali BA, Abdel-Hakm AM, Abdel-Hameed MA, Tawfik NK. Quality of life in children with Type I diabetes mellitus (T1D) in Minia governorate: Relationship with mood and family attitudes. J Diabetes Metab. 2017;8(2):1-5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000725 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000725
Emmanouilidou E, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Karavatos A, Nousia-Arvanitakis S. Quality of life of children and adolescents with diabetes of Northern Greek origin. Hippokratia 2008;12(3):168-75. PMid:18923667
Lukacs A, Varga B, Kiss-Toth E, Soos A, Barkai L. Factors influencing the diabetes-specific health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Child Health Care. 2014;18(3):253-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493513486964 PMid:23749254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493513486964
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Susilowati Susilowati, Karina Sugih Arto, Aridamuriany D. Lubis (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
