Psychotic Disorder due to the Use of Marijuana, Dextromethorphan, and Caffeine: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Yoseva Hotnauli; Muhammad Surya Husada

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6363

Authors

Yoseva Hotnauli Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7763-5528
Muhammad Surya Husada Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6363

Keywords:

Case report, Psychotic disorder, Marijuana, Dextromethorphan, Caffeine

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Drug abuse occurs widely in various parts of the world. The drugs that are misused are not only cocaine, or heroin, but also drugs that are commonly prescribed. If you want to get drunk, usually use dextromethorphan (DMP) pills, but now switch to mixing herbal cough medicines with energy drinks. Herbal cough medicine is usually used as a cough reliever, but in teens today, herbal cough medicine is starting to be abused. Mixing energy drinks using herbal cough medicine are motivated by a lack of positive activities or activities, influenced by peers or the environment where the subject lives, lack of application of religious and school education, lack of the role of parents in supervising their children, easy access to herbal cough medicines and drinks energy in large quantities, and the price is cheap. The crime that occurred is not only limited to theft but also drugs and drinking. The only difference, they are not drunk with liquor, but mixed energy drinks with some herbal cough medicine sachets.

CASE REPORT: We found a case of acute psychotic disorders due to cannabis use and other psychoactive substances, namely, a mixture of herbal cough medicine containing DMP and energy drinks containing caffeine, after 2 days of use, in a 20-year-old male, found a delusion and hallucinations.

CONCLUSIONS: Every use of addictive substances and psychotropic substances will have an impact on life and health. The use of addictive and psychotropic substances when consumed in excess of the dose will damage some organ functions, affect the smooth operation of organ systems, and can also cause acute psychosis.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

World Health Organization, ICD-10 Version; 2016. p. 79-80.

Turner AR, Aqrawal S. Marijuana toxicity. In: Stat Pearls. Treasure Island, FL: Stat Pearls Publishing; 2021.

Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Cannabis-related disorder. In: Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry Behavioral Science and Clinical Psychiatry. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2015. p. 1385-94.

Tasman A, Kay J Lieberman JA, First MB, Riba MB. Psychiatry. 4th ed. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.; 2015. p. 1458-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118753378

Hall WD, Degenhardt L. Cannabis-related disorders. In: Sadocks BJ, Sadock VA, editors. Kaplan and Sadock Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 10th ed. New York: Wolters Kluwers; 2017. p. 3358-73.

World Health Organization. Dextromethorphan Pre-Review Report. 35th ed. Geneva: Expert Committee on Drug Dependence; 2012. p. 1-26.

Chyka AP, Erdman RA, Manoguerra SA, Christianson G, Booze LL, Nelson LS, et al. Dextromethorphan poisoning: An evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol. 2007;45(6):662-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650701606443 PMid:17849242 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650701606443

Jabbar SB, Hanly MG. Fatal caffeine overdose: A case report and review of literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2013;34(4):321-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/paf.0000000000000058 PMid:24196726 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000058

Muhyi M. Effect of supplemental drinks, electrolyte drinks and normal water on sports performance. Adiraga Sci J. 2015;1(1):69-90.

Kerrigan S, Lindsey T. Fatal caffeine overdose: Two case reports. Forensic Sci Int. 2005;153(1):67-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.016 PMid:15935584 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.016

National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. Psychosis with Coexisting Substance Misuse: Assessment and Management in Adults and Young People. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society; 2011.